{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031138422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343595","title":"Visual Touch in Virtual Environments: An Exploratory Study of Presence, Multimodal Interfaces, and Cross-Modal Sensory Illusions","display_name":"Visual Touch in Virtual Environments: An Exploratory Study of Presence, Multimodal Interfaces, and Cross-Modal Sensory Illusions","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031138422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343595","mag":"2031138422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474601300343595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020382851","display_name":"Frank Biocca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Biocca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380872","display_name":"Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-7755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802964274","display_name":"Interface (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nvtmr42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab (www.mindlab.org) Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab (www.mindlab.org) Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513","https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066059925","display_name":"Yung Kyun Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-6876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802964274","display_name":"Interface (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nvtmr42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab (www.mindlab.org) Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Interface & Network Design (M.I.N.D.) Lab (www.mindlab.org) Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513","https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":249,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8932391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"247","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illusion","display_name":"Illusion","score":0.7822567224502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.7430363893508911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-modality","display_name":"Stimulus modality","score":0.6824077367782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6513451337814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.6189975142478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-system","display_name":"Sensory system","score":0.5711535215377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossmodal","display_name":"Crossmodal","score":0.5305678844451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisensory-integration","display_name":"Multisensory integration","score":0.5183804631233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5022933483123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-cue","display_name":"Sensory cue","score":0.49300262331962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4877353608608246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.446260929107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.41083061695098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4096192717552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4076573848724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.3554355204105377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.3352726697921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24023789167404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.083899587392807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.7822567224502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.7430363893508911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26486553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371870","display_name":"Stimulus modality","level":3,"score":0.6824077367782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6513451337814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.6189975142478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.5711535215377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60115397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188732","display_name":"Crossmodal","level":4,"score":0.5305678844451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780328332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17166073","display_name":"Multisensory integration","level":3,"score":0.5183804631233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5022933483123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.49300262331962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4877353608608246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.446260929107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.41083061695098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4096192717552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4076573848724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3554355204105377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.3352726697921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24023789167404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.083899587392807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474601300343595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85120292","https://openalex.org/W161881811","https://openalex.org/W563513993","https://openalex.org/W1495065236","https://openalex.org/W1519602789","https://openalex.org/W1523224409","https://openalex.org/W1523965850","https://openalex.org/W1551872829","https://openalex.org/W1558416165","https://openalex.org/W1571144263","https://openalex.org/W1572954665","https://openalex.org/W1576635857","https://openalex.org/W1841352775","https://openalex.org/W1968375094","https://openalex.org/W1980355812","https://openalex.org/W1982343866","https://openalex.org/W1986832582","https://openalex.org/W1998284588","https://openalex.org/W2033694804","https://openalex.org/W2048170450","https://openalex.org/W2054788835","https://openalex.org/W2055061448","https://openalex.org/W2058300759","https://openalex.org/W2075901480","https://openalex.org/W2080898270","https://openalex.org/W2083319937","https://openalex.org/W2101004019","https://openalex.org/W2109813080","https://openalex.org/W2123086804","https://openalex.org/W2128018947","https://openalex.org/W2130341373","https://openalex.org/W2131807220","https://openalex.org/W2150441543","https://openalex.org/W2169084829","https://openalex.org/W2171834532","https://openalex.org/W2173003263","https://openalex.org/W2195908176","https://openalex.org/W2416685982","https://openalex.org/W2481311847","https://openalex.org/W2506071820","https://openalex.org/W3138083623","https://openalex.org/W4246123534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036147067","https://openalex.org/W2166579744","https://openalex.org/W2947127518","https://openalex.org/W1970006973","https://openalex.org/W3012434398","https://openalex.org/W2404897710","https://openalex.org/W2486834506","https://openalex.org/W1988800362","https://openalex.org/W1528073983","https://openalex.org/W1987569607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"do":[1],"users":[2,90],"generate":[3],"an":[4,16,28,148],"illusion":[5,57,125,208],"of":[6,23,42,58,78,84,103,108,119,167,177,187,201,217,235,255,261,305],"presence":[7,59,229],"in":[8,60,72,81,88,94,126],"a":[9,39,70,111,117,123,130,178,181,257],"rich":[10],"and":[11,19,45,212,219,302],"consistent":[12],"virtual":[13,43,61,159,170,182],"environment":[14,160,171],"from":[15,157,232,252],"impoverished,":[17],"incomplete,":[18],"often":[20],"inconsistent":[21],"set":[22],"sensory":[24,92,131,150,220,285,297],"cues?":[25],"We":[26,222],"conducted":[27],"experiment":[29],"to":[30,54,97,129,134,147,274,295],"explore":[31],"how":[32],"multimodal":[33,279],"perceptual":[34,104,124,269],"cues":[35,93],"are":[36],"integrated":[37],"into":[38],"coherent":[40,258],"experience":[41],"objects":[44],"spaces.":[46],"Specifically,":[47],"we":[48,74,265],"explored":[49],"whether":[50,65],"inter-modal":[51],"integration":[52,67,80,237],"contributes":[53],"generating":[55],"the":[56,82,100,135,139,158,163,174,192,202,215,233,253,262],"environments.":[62],"To":[63],"discover":[64],"intermodal":[66,79],"might":[68,271],"play":[69],"role":[71],"presence,":[73],"looked":[75],"for":[76],"evidence":[77,227],"form":[83,107,118],"cross-modal":[85,109,112,207,248],"interactions\u2014perceptual":[86],"illusions":[87],"which":[89,127],"use":[91],"one":[95],"modality":[96,132,151],"\u201cfill":[98],"in\u201d":[99],"\u201cmissing\u201d":[101],"components":[102],"experience.":[105],"One":[106],"interaction,":[110],"transfer,":[113],"is":[114,142,226],"defined":[115],"as":[116,138,162,247,288,300],"synesthesia,":[120],"that":[121,152,205,224,228,250,267],"is,":[122],"stimulation":[128,146,156,294],"connected":[133],"interface":[136,193],"(such":[137,161,287,299],"visual":[140,175,301],"modality)":[141],"accompanied":[143],"by":[144,282],"perceived":[145],"unconnected":[149],"receives":[153],"no":[154,195],"apparent":[155],"haptic":[164,185,196,289,306],"modality).":[165],"Users":[166],"our":[168],"experimental":[169],"who":[172],"manipulated":[173],"analog":[176],"physical":[179],"force,":[180],"spring,":[183],"reported":[184],"sensations":[186],"\u201cphysical":[188],"resistance\u201d,":[189],"even":[190],"though":[191],"included":[194],"displays.":[197],"A":[198],"path":[199],"model":[200,260],"data":[203],"suggested":[204],"this":[206,225,268],"was":[209],"correlated":[210],"with":[211,243,278,291],"dependent":[213],"upon":[214],"sensation":[216],"spatial":[218],"presence.":[221],"conclude":[223],"may":[230,240],"derive":[231],"process":[234,254],"multi-modal":[236],"and,":[238],"therefore,":[239],"be":[241,272],"associated":[242],"other":[244,296],"illusions,":[245],"such":[246],"transfers,":[249],"result":[251],"creating":[256],"mental":[259],"space.":[263],"Finally,":[264],"suggest":[266],"phenomenon":[270],"used":[273],"improve":[275],"user":[276],"experiences":[277],"interfaces,":[280],"specifically":[281],"supporting":[283],"limited":[284],"displays":[286],"displays)":[290],"appropriate":[292],"synesthetic":[293],"modalities":[298],"auditory":[303],"analogs":[304],"forces).":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}