{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153981922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746011470244","title":"Psychophysiological Correlates of Virtual Reality: A Review","display_name":"Psychophysiological Correlates of Virtual Reality: A Review","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153981922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746011470244","mag":"2153981922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/1054746011470244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746011470244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076987328","display_name":"Luigi Pugnetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116940","display_name":"Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3ssq97","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116940"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Pugnetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Scientific Institute S. Maria Nascente, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Scientific Institute S. Maria Nascente, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054766312","display_name":"Michael Meehan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Meehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052211009","display_name":"Laura Mendozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-4588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116940","display_name":"Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3ssq97","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116940"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Mendozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Institute S. Maria Nascente, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Institute S. Maria Nascente, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054766312","https://openalex.org/A5076987328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I4210116940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90026954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"384","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7717398405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6430130004882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.611080527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5244141817092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4655953347682953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4423050284385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4298710823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3816770315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.318095326423645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7717398405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6430130004882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.611080527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5244141817092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4655953347682953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4423050284385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4298710823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3816770315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.318095326423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/1054746011470244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746011470244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51211773","https://openalex.org/W115855039","https://openalex.org/W164311079","https://openalex.org/W277821565","https://openalex.org/W647893164","https://openalex.org/W1493220832","https://openalex.org/W1561983302","https://openalex.org/W1831648222","https://openalex.org/W1965665171","https://openalex.org/W1978980572","https://openalex.org/W1999445790","https://openalex.org/W2001684681","https://openalex.org/W2005549850","https://openalex.org/W2007997380","https://openalex.org/W2010854213","https://openalex.org/W2045184716","https://openalex.org/W2046305175","https://openalex.org/W2061746706","https://openalex.org/W2065093267","https://openalex.org/W2077109441","https://openalex.org/W2085146999","https://openalex.org/W2118849533","https://openalex.org/W2124235532","https://openalex.org/W2124698022","https://openalex.org/W2126763925","https://openalex.org/W2135829516","https://openalex.org/W2148209654","https://openalex.org/W2152097658","https://openalex.org/W2154523624","https://openalex.org/W2158143447","https://openalex.org/W2160474651","https://openalex.org/W2161320652","https://openalex.org/W2170813999","https://openalex.org/W2172865145","https://openalex.org/W2173105057","https://openalex.org/W2183675171","https://openalex.org/W2283867234","https://openalex.org/W2338918043","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2411833154","https://openalex.org/W2597765538","https://openalex.org/W2622928986","https://openalex.org/W2739206525","https://openalex.org/W3191528543","https://openalex.org/W4205285830","https://openalex.org/W4230490336","https://openalex.org/W4238448990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915014248","https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W3196817267","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,230],"recording":[1],"and":[2,6,18,31,64,69,112,116,128,168,177,195,273,325],"measurement":[3],"of":[4,21,102,110,142,158,164,180,193,196,199,221,232,236,276,280,295,301,315,330],"central":[5,218],"peripheral":[7,32,183],"nervous":[8,219],"system":[9,220],"responses":[10,137,244],"can":[11,48,245],"provide":[12],"important":[13,287],"information":[14],"during":[15],"the":[16,19,76,129,143,155,197,217,233,291,299,321],"development":[17],"application":[20,277],"virtual":[22,77,144,263],"reality":[23],"(VR).":[24],"Although":[25],"studies":[26,159],"on":[27,216,312],"electroencephalographic,":[28],"evoked":[29],"potentials,":[30],"psychophysiological":[33,108,136,162,243,313],"changes":[34],"in":[35,52,119,267,289],"connection":[36],"with":[37,75,254],"VR":[38,54,222,283,316],"exposure":[39],"are":[40,96,104,188],"still":[41],"preliminary,":[42],"they":[43],"show":[44],"that":[45,61,161,209,241,279,310],"reliable":[46],"data":[47],"be":[49,171,246,318],"obtained":[50],"even":[51],"immersive":[53],"conditions.":[55],"There":[56,204],"is":[57,82,205,278,308],"no":[58,206],"firm":[59],"evidence":[60,208],"neurophysiological":[62],"equipment\u2014sensors":[63],"cables\u2014may":[65],"increase":[66],"subjects'":[67],"discomfort":[68],"affect":[70],"their":[71],"ability":[72],"to":[73,84,90,92,114,122,134,138,173,239,248,257],"interact":[74],"environments,":[78],"but":[79,224],"additional":[80],"study":[81],"needed":[83],"clarify":[85],"this":[86,225],"issue.":[87],"Suggestions":[88],"as":[89,190],"how":[91],"limit":[93],"potential":[94],"interferences":[95],"summarized":[97],"here.":[98],"Two":[99],"main":[100,151],"lines":[101,322],"research":[103,237,311],"emerging:":[105],"one":[106],"seeking":[107],"correlates":[109,192,314],"reaction":[111],"adaptation":[113],"stimuli":[115],"task":[117],"variables":[118],"an":[120,286],"attempt":[121],"understand":[123],"more":[124],"about":[125],"human-VR":[126],"interaction,":[127],"other":[130,147],"looking":[131],"for":[132,252,334],"ways":[133],"use":[135],"automatically":[139],"control":[140,258],"aspects":[141],"environments":[145],"or":[146,256],"external":[148],"devices.":[149],"results":[152,231],"emerging":[153],"from":[154],"first":[156],"group":[157],"indicate":[160,240],"measures":[163],"brain":[165,210],"activity\u2014notably":[166],"EEG":[167],"event-related":[169],"responses\u2014may":[170],"used":[172,247],"distingush":[174],"between":[175],"automatic":[176],"controlled":[178],"modes":[179],"processing.":[181],"Additionally,":[182],"measures,":[184],"notably":[185],"skin-resistance":[186],"levels,":[187],"proposed":[189],"objective":[191],"presence":[194],"outcome":[198],"specific":[200],"VR-based":[201],"desensitization":[202],"therapies.":[203],"clear-cut":[207],"waves":[211],"may":[212,284],"index":[213],"unwanted":[214],"effects":[215],"exposure,":[223],"issue":[226],"deserves":[227],"further":[228],"study.":[229],"second":[234],"line":[235],"seem":[238],"VR-induced":[242],"develop":[249],"assistive":[250],"devices":[251],"people":[253],"disabilities":[255],"hands-free":[259],"interaction":[260],"within":[261],"any":[262],"environment":[264],"(for":[265],"example,":[266],"highly":[268],"demanding":[269],"conditions).":[270],"A":[271],"related":[272],"promising":[274],"field":[275],"neurofeedback,":[281],"wherein":[282],"play":[285],"role":[288],"increasing":[290],"motivational/":[292],"attentional":[293],"span":[294],"clients,":[296],"and,":[297],"ultimately,":[298],"effectiveness":[300],"treatment":[302],"protocols.":[303],"Given":[304],"these":[305],"premises,":[306],"it":[307],"suggested":[309],"should":[317],"incremented":[319],"along":[320],"already":[323],"delineated":[324],"possibly":[326],"include":[327],"also":[328],"groups":[329],"subjects":[331],"at":[332],"risk":[333],"adverse":[335],"affects.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}