{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122047995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016485","title":"Analysis of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons: Synchronization of Synaptic Input and Spike Output","display_name":"Analysis of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons: Synchronization of Synaptic Input and Spike Output","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122047995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016485","mag":"2122047995","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10226187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976699300016485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002748431","display_name":"Anthony N. Burkitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-2772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297592001","display_name":"Bionics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05e4f1b55","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297592001"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. N. Burkitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bionic Ear Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bionic Ear Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297592001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340226","display_name":"G. M. Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297592001","display_name":"Bionics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05e4f1b55","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297592001"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. M. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bionic Ear Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bionic Ear Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297592001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297592001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94657724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"871","last_page":"901"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.9353877902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6073821187019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4904279410839081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46501901745796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3476629853248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32508349418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25215649604797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11763805150985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11763590574264526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.9353877902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6073821187019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4904279410839081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46501901745796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3476629853248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32508349418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25215649604797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11763805150985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11763590574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976699300016485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10226187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10226187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/27524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/27524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60166153","https://openalex.org/W266383608","https://openalex.org/W1494334782","https://openalex.org/W1919554660","https://openalex.org/W1966123655","https://openalex.org/W1967171958","https://openalex.org/W1967983190","https://openalex.org/W1976331108","https://openalex.org/W1981999543","https://openalex.org/W1983533291","https://openalex.org/W1984931175","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1987994242","https://openalex.org/W1993465148","https://openalex.org/W1994917466","https://openalex.org/W2010683283","https://openalex.org/W2010824954","https://openalex.org/W2012094344","https://openalex.org/W2012521159","https://openalex.org/W2012704126","https://openalex.org/W2014279411","https://openalex.org/W2016189779","https://openalex.org/W2019451067","https://openalex.org/W2025300790","https://openalex.org/W2025849513","https://openalex.org/W2027835454","https://openalex.org/W2029924743","https://openalex.org/W2042067913","https://openalex.org/W2042173515","https://openalex.org/W2044535991","https://openalex.org/W2060766910","https://openalex.org/W2069121426","https://openalex.org/W2073879651","https://openalex.org/W2078264053","https://openalex.org/W2081411433","https://openalex.org/W2085319761","https://openalex.org/W2089316513","https://openalex.org/W2098208446","https://openalex.org/W2126283076","https://openalex.org/W2128437100","https://openalex.org/W2141115150","https://openalex.org/W2172513721","https://openalex.org/W2186445644","https://openalex.org/W2767173102","https://openalex.org/W2981264952","https://openalex.org/W3022237452","https://openalex.org/W3103996772","https://openalex.org/W3217350819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365367704","https://openalex.org/W2044799448","https://openalex.org/W2078308025","https://openalex.org/W2103261205","https://openalex.org/W2131805011","https://openalex.org/W2372540801","https://openalex.org/W2090534599","https://openalex.org/W1772024949","https://openalex.org/W2350807072","https://openalex.org/W4312714696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"technique":[2,18],"for":[3,11,137,144],"analyzing":[4],"the":[5,12,34,41,55,69,76,79,85,91,95,99,103,118,121,125,148,154,167,170,174,177,180,191,213],"probability":[6],"distribution":[7],"of":[8,40,57,61,84,90,112,120,140,147,158,173,182,212],"output":[9,104,122],"spikes":[10,105],"integrate-and-fire":[13,149],"model":[14],"is":[15,66,128],"presented.":[16],"This":[17,64],"enables":[19],"us":[20],"to":[21,68,124,153,217],"investigate":[22],"models":[23],"with":[24,49],"arbitrary":[25],"synaptic":[26,92,163],"response":[27],"functions":[28],"that":[29,117,134,189],"incorporate":[30],"both":[31],"leakage":[32],"across":[33],"membrane":[35],"and":[36,94,133,162,176,203],"a":[37,58],"rise":[38],"time":[39,215],"postsynaptic":[42],"potential.":[43],"The":[44,110],"results,":[45],"which":[46,73,102,115],"are":[47,52,106,142],"compared":[48],"numerical":[50],"simulations,":[51],"exact":[53],"in":[54,72,81,98,169,179,194,210],"limit":[56],"large":[59],"number":[60,181],"small-amplitude":[62],"inputs.":[63],"method":[65],"applied":[67],"synchronization":[70],"problem,":[71],"we":[74,165],"examine":[75],"relationship":[77],"between":[78,201],"spread":[80,97],"arrival":[82],"times":[83,100,161],"inputs":[86,184],"(the":[87],"temporal":[88],"jitter":[89,123,127,193],"input)":[93],"resultant":[96],"at":[101],"generated":[107],"(output":[108],"jitter).":[109],"results":[111],"previous":[113],"studies,":[114],"indicated":[116],"ration":[119],"input":[126],"consistently":[129],"less":[130],"than":[131],"one":[132],"it":[135],"decreases":[136],"increasing":[138],"numbers":[139],"inputs,":[141],"confirmed":[143],"three":[145],"classes":[146],"model.":[150],"In":[151],"addition":[152],"previously":[155],"identified":[156],"factors":[157,188],"axonal":[159],"propagation":[160],"jitter,":[164],"identify":[166],"variation":[168,178],"spike-generating":[171],"thresholds":[172],"neurons":[175,206],"active":[183],"as":[185],"being":[186],"important":[187],"determine":[190],"timing":[192],"layered":[195],"networks.":[196],"Previously":[197],"observed":[198],"phase":[199],"differences":[200],"optimally":[202],"suboptimally":[204],"stimulated":[205],"may":[207],"be":[208],"understood":[209],"terms":[211],"relative":[214],"taken":[216],"reach":[218],"threshold.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}