{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147427677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016278","title":"Backward Projections in the Cerebral Cortex: Implications for Memory Storage","display_name":"Backward Projections in the Cerebral Cortex: Implications for Memory Storage","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147427677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016278","mag":"2147427677","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10423499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976699300016278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057372129","display_name":"Alfonso Renart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfonso Renart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047074677","display_name":"N\u00e9stor Parga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-5954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N\u00e9stor Parga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029186968","display_name":"Edmund T. Rolls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmund T. Rolls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford OX1 3UD, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford OX1 3UD, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95098596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"1349","last_page":"1388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.7773871421813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor","display_name":"Attractor","score":0.6076754331588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cued-speech","display_name":"Cued speech","score":0.5059065222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4966035485267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3814443349838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3413783311843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25456398725509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21054622530937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.10683953762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09886747598648071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09800302982330322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.7773871421813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.6076754331588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83195618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590951","display_name":"Cued speech","level":2,"score":0.5059065222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4966035485267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3814443349838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3413783311843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25456398725509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21054622530937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.10683953762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09886747598648071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09800302982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004525","descriptor_name":"Efferent Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004525","descriptor_name":"Efferent Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004525","descriptor_name":"Efferent Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976699300016278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10423499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10423499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.7.9181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.7.9181","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cns.ox.ac.uk/papers/258_Renart+Parga+99.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:18612d4b-1300-41fc-a950-e73af70d3212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:18612d4b-1300-41fc-a950-e73af70d3212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44566719","https://openalex.org/W129302939","https://openalex.org/W178022270","https://openalex.org/W1481189295","https://openalex.org/W1487750178","https://openalex.org/W1504312842","https://openalex.org/W1546197084","https://openalex.org/W1634346077","https://openalex.org/W1813867068","https://openalex.org/W1892402995","https://openalex.org/W1963597874","https://openalex.org/W1967084746","https://openalex.org/W1971565000","https://openalex.org/W1999813559","https://openalex.org/W2009140566","https://openalex.org/W2011172502","https://openalex.org/W2027080323","https://openalex.org/W2043014754","https://openalex.org/W2049672189","https://openalex.org/W2057254614","https://openalex.org/W2060910814","https://openalex.org/W2064704061","https://openalex.org/W2067126098","https://openalex.org/W2074391612","https://openalex.org/W2076551955","https://openalex.org/W2077680606","https://openalex.org/W2086841290","https://openalex.org/W2110292974","https://openalex.org/W2117241336","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2154914851","https://openalex.org/W2155569816","https://openalex.org/W2155598451","https://openalex.org/W2159340136","https://openalex.org/W2160652122","https://openalex.org/W2293063825","https://openalex.org/W4234326111","https://openalex.org/W4236631864","https://openalex.org/W4244066340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791807133","https://openalex.org/W4220960781","https://openalex.org/W2010535944","https://openalex.org/W4256310722","https://openalex.org/W2082933777","https://openalex.org/W2082371543","https://openalex.org/W3157864487","https://openalex.org/W2960434112","https://openalex.org/W3049714198","https://openalex.org/W3095039513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cortical":[0],"areas":[1,12],"are":[2,21,50,159,167,193,199],"characterized":[3],"by":[4],"forward":[5],"and":[6,39,47,92,185,189],"backward":[7],"connections":[8,24,46,100],"between":[9,25,105,138,182],"adjacent":[10],"cortical":[11],"in":[13,44,65,83,112,121,176],"a":[14,109,122,128],"processing":[15],"stream.":[16],"Within":[17],"each":[18,177],"area":[19],"there":[20],"recurrent":[22,89],"collateral":[23,90],"the":[26,31,45,54,66,71,77,88,96,135,148,154,163,183,190,203],"pyramidal":[27],"cells.":[28],"We":[29,52],"analyze":[30],"properties":[32,198],"of":[33,59,70,74,98,150,196,205],"this":[34],"architecture":[35],"for":[36],"memory":[37,113,144,172],"storage":[38],"processing.":[40],"Hebb-like":[41],"synaptic":[42],"modifiability":[43],"attractor":[48],"states":[49,145,173],"incorporated.":[51],"show":[53],"following:":[55],"(1)":[56],"The":[57,180],"number":[58,78,97],"memories":[60],"that":[61,79,124,146],"can":[62,80,117,174],"be":[63,81],"stored":[64,82],"connected":[67],"modules":[68,106,139,155],"is":[69,93,125,140],"same":[72],"order":[73],"magnitude":[75],"as":[76],"any":[84],"one":[85],"module":[86,123],"using":[87],"connections,":[91],"proportional":[94],"to":[95,108],"effective":[99],"per":[101],"neuron.":[102],"(2)":[103],"Cooperation":[104,116],"leads":[107],"small":[110],"increase":[111],"capacity.":[114],"(3)":[115],"also":[118],"help":[119],"retrieval":[120,187],"cued":[126],"with":[127,202],"noisy":[129],"or":[130],"incomplete":[131],"pattern.":[132],"(4)":[133],"If":[134,162],"connection":[136,165],"strength":[137],"strong,":[141],"then":[142,169],"global":[143,184],"reflect":[147],"pairs":[149],"patterns":[151],"on":[152],"which":[153],"were":[156],"trained":[157],"together":[158],"found.":[160],"(5)":[161],"intermodule":[164],"strengths":[166],"weaker,":[168],"separate,":[170],"local":[171,186],"exist":[175],"module.":[178],"(6)":[179],"boundaries":[181],"states,":[188],"nonretrieval":[191],"state,":[192],"delimited.":[194],"All":[195],"these":[197],"analyzed":[200],"quantitatively":[201],"techniques":[204],"statistical":[206],"physics.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
