{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127716180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017368","title":"Category Learning Through Multimodality Sensing","display_name":"Category Learning Through Multimodality Sensing","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127716180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017368","mag":"2127716180","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9654768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976698300017368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071129405","display_name":"Virginia R. de","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0989-3576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virginia R. de Sa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103584849","display_name":"Dana H. Ballard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana H. Ballard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0226, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0226, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071129405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97455951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"1097","last_page":"1117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11665","display_name":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1309","display_name":"Developmental Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6162993907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6024186611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5990206599235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5949718952178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-modality","display_name":"Stimulus modality","score":0.5551139712333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5068488717079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-system","display_name":"Sensory system","score":0.48251625895500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodality","display_name":"Multimodality","score":0.4808422029018402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.48025134205818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4713080823421478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4691088795661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42804309725761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4224667251110077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3078095316886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.30342376232147217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6162993907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6024186611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5990206599235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5949718952178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26486553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371870","display_name":"Stimulus modality","level":3,"score":0.5551139712333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5068488717079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.48251625895500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780910867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952416","display_name":"Multimodality","level":2,"score":0.4808422029018402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48025134205818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4713080823421478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4691088795661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42804309725761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4224667251110077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3078095316886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.30342376232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008046","descriptor_name":"Lip","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008046","descriptor_name":"Lip","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008046","descriptor_name":"Lip","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976698300017368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9654768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9654768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.96.9749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.96.9749","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~dana/nc2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22297218","https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W80769075","https://openalex.org/W81573328","https://openalex.org/W134309601","https://openalex.org/W391463016","https://openalex.org/W1490454746","https://openalex.org/W1766738761","https://openalex.org/W1847227265","https://openalex.org/W1929733467","https://openalex.org/W1967011375","https://openalex.org/W1978590520","https://openalex.org/W1983442851","https://openalex.org/W1983970216","https://openalex.org/W1984483979","https://openalex.org/W1990863955","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W1994619468","https://openalex.org/W1996236285","https://openalex.org/W2002134846","https://openalex.org/W2006887088","https://openalex.org/W2015394094","https://openalex.org/W2015857587","https://openalex.org/W2021884023","https://openalex.org/W2027819638","https://openalex.org/W2029123446","https://openalex.org/W2030661751","https://openalex.org/W2063971957","https://openalex.org/W2065235698","https://openalex.org/W2072436086","https://openalex.org/W2077758457","https://openalex.org/W2077852110","https://openalex.org/W2084648947","https://openalex.org/W2107484626","https://openalex.org/W2115020216","https://openalex.org/W2133636395","https://openalex.org/W2137317849","https://openalex.org/W2141625842","https://openalex.org/W2145798752","https://openalex.org/W2152742558","https://openalex.org/W2414007171","https://openalex.org/W2437798389","https://openalex.org/W2615909362","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4230610536","https://openalex.org/W4232801517","https://openalex.org/W4241609613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2248852396","https://openalex.org/W4239305747","https://openalex.org/W199123384","https://openalex.org/W1483892602","https://openalex.org/W103354863","https://openalex.org/W1976623005","https://openalex.org/W4236091956","https://openalex.org/W2914599329","https://openalex.org/W2811161200","https://openalex.org/W2904737051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"and":[1,77,128,140],"other":[2],"animals":[3],"learn":[4],"to":[5,73,147],"form":[6,67],"complex":[7],"categories":[8],"without":[9],"receiving":[10],"a":[11,108,132],"target":[12],"output,":[13],"or":[14,43],"teaching":[15],"signal,":[16],"with":[17,35],"each":[18],"input":[19],"pattern.":[20],"In":[21,103],"contrast,":[22],"most":[23],"computer":[24],"algorithms":[25],"that":[26,114,144],"emulate":[27],"such":[28],"performance":[29],"assume":[30],"the":[31,36,40,66,122,135],"brain":[32],"is":[33],"provided":[34],"correct":[37],"output":[38],"at":[39],"neuronal":[41],"level":[42],"require":[44],"grossly":[45],"unphysiological":[46],"methods":[47],"of":[48,68,125],"information":[49,64],"propagation.":[50],"Natural":[51],"environments":[52],"do":[53,61],"not":[54],"contain":[55,62],"explicit":[56],"labeling":[57],"signals,":[58],"but":[59],"they":[60],"important":[63],"in":[65],"temporal":[69],"correlations":[70],"between":[71],"sensations":[72],"different":[74],"sensory":[75],"modalities,":[76],"humans":[78],"are":[79],"affected":[80],"by":[81],"this":[82,104,117],"correlational":[83],"structure":[84],"(Howells,":[85],"1944;":[86],"McGurk":[87],"&":[88,92,96,100],"MacDonald,":[89],"1976;":[90],"MacDonald":[91],"McGurk,":[93],"1978;":[94],"Zellner":[95],"Kautz,":[97],"1990;":[98],"Durgin":[99],"Proffitt,":[101],"1996).":[102],"article":[105],"we":[106],"describe":[107],"simple,":[109],"unsupervised":[110],"neural":[111],"network":[112,136],"algorithm":[113],"also":[115],"uses":[116],"natural":[118],"structure.":[119],"Using":[120],"only":[121],"co-occurring":[123],"patterns":[124],"lip":[126],"motion":[127],"sound":[129],"signals":[130],"from":[131],"human":[133],"speaker,":[134],"learns":[137],"separate":[138],"visual":[139],"auditory":[141],"speech":[142],"classifiers":[143],"perform":[145],"comparably":[146],"supervised":[148],"networks.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
