{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098823658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660460734056","title":"Linear Response Algorithms for Approximate Inference in Graphical Models","display_name":"Linear Response Algorithms for Approximate Inference in Graphical Models","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098823658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660460734056","mag":"2098823658","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15006029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660460734056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660460734056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087368991","display_name":"Max Welling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-2121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Max Welling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4 Canada,","Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4 Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4 Canada,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064373793","display_name":"Yee Whye Teh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-6933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yee Whye Teh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087368991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4944,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86049296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"197","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.7959802746772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.6906006336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6220670342445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-graph","display_name":"Random graph","score":0.5664281845092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5342862606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4933857023715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4726613759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.4259330630302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4162466526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35102730989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.34309089183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14592209458351135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.7959802746772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.6906006336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6220670342445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47458327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404","display_name":"Random graph","level":3,"score":0.5664281845092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5342862606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4933857023715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4726613759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.4259330630302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4162466526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35102730989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.34309089183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14592209458351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660460734056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660460734056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15006029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15006029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.116.1628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.116.1628","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ywteh/research/inference/neco2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.135.6032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.135.6032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/publications/papers/LR2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:64906749-5ad6-4e97-8368-e6b3605f533d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64906749-5ad6-4e97-8368-e6b3605f533d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78511820","https://openalex.org/W1560512119","https://openalex.org/W1591304160","https://openalex.org/W1934021597","https://openalex.org/W1985813166","https://openalex.org/W2014662635","https://openalex.org/W2047408445","https://openalex.org/W2098387242","https://openalex.org/W2098678088","https://openalex.org/W2109091716","https://openalex.org/W2120294885","https://openalex.org/W2129162426","https://openalex.org/W2131536112","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2158122241","https://openalex.org/W2161023163","https://openalex.org/W2168205753","https://openalex.org/W2169415915","https://openalex.org/W2175160295","https://openalex.org/W2398757277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W959529772","https://openalex.org/W4297812452","https://openalex.org/W4368755698","https://openalex.org/W2606077302","https://openalex.org/W4388627352","https://openalex.org/W2140575283","https://openalex.org/W3180766726","https://openalex.org/W2962950510","https://openalex.org/W4286382505","https://openalex.org/W2153267847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Belief":[0],"propagation":[1,67,100],"(BP)":[2],"on":[3,58,87],"cyclic":[4],"graphs":[5],"is":[6,65,70,85],"an":[7],"efficient":[8],"algorithm":[9,68,84,101],"for":[10,52,102],"computing":[11,103],"approximate":[12],"marginal":[13],"probability":[14],"distributions":[15,35],"over":[16,36],"single":[17],"nodes":[18,21,40],"and":[19],"neighboring":[20],"in":[22,41],"the":[23,42,59,104],"graph.":[24,43],"However,":[25],"it":[26],"does":[27],"not":[28],"prescribe":[29],"a":[30,66,78,99,107],"way":[31],"to":[32,72,77,93],"compute":[33],"joint":[34],"pairs":[37],"of":[38,106],"distant":[39],"In":[44],"this":[45],"article,":[46],"we":[47,97],"propose":[48],"two":[49],"new":[50],"algorithms":[51],"approximating":[53],"these":[54,91],"pairwise":[55],"probabilities,":[56],"based":[57,86],"linear":[60],"response":[61],"theorem.":[62],"The":[63,82],"first":[64],"that":[69],"shown":[71],"converge":[73],"if":[74],"BP":[75],"converges":[76],"stable":[79],"fixed":[80],"point.":[81],"second":[83],"matrix":[88],"inversion.":[89],"Applying":[90],"ideas":[92],"gaussian":[94],"random":[95],"fields,":[96],"derive":[98],"inverse":[105],"matrix.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}