{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142940228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603762552951","title":"Dictionary Learning Algorithms for Sparse Representation","display_name":"Dictionary Learning Algorithms for Sparse Representation","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142940228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603762552951","mag":"2142940228","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976603762552951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603762552951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042298001","display_name":"Kenneth Kreutz-Delgado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150894","display_name":"Jacobs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmj3x43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Kreutz-Delgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013678553","display_name":"Joseph F. Murray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2881-0606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150894","display_name":"Jacobs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmj3x43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph F. Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001700017","display_name":"Bhaskar D. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-689X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150894","display_name":"Jacobs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmj3x43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskar D. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068843545","display_name":"Kjersti Engan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-0067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92008406","display_name":"University of Stavanger","ror":"https://ror.org/02qte9q33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92008406"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kjersti Engan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stavanger University College, School of Science and Technology Ullandhaug, N-4091 Stavanger, Norway,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stavanger University College, School of Science and Technology Ullandhaug, N-4091 Stavanger, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92008406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022408850","display_name":"Te-Won Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Te-Won Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950","https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044141636","display_name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950","https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042298001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210150894"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.7035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":840,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99368758,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"349","last_page":"396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-svd","display_name":"K-SVD","score":0.6863493323326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.6530770063400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5819071531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5385153889656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.52923583984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.502875030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5028554797172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.498765230178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.48551177978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4636270999908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.340752512216568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154771677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098361","display_name":"K-SVD","level":3,"score":0.6863493323326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.6530770063400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5819071531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5385153889656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.52923583984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.502875030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5028554797172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.498765230178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.48551177978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4636270999908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.340752512216568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976603762552951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603762552951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12590811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2304428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2944020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W641296262","https://openalex.org/W1510094169","https://openalex.org/W1525595964","https://openalex.org/W1556281046","https://openalex.org/W1598962862","https://openalex.org/W1604810369","https://openalex.org/W1788696583","https://openalex.org/W1963756374","https://openalex.org/W1965075382","https://openalex.org/W1968735445","https://openalex.org/W1983913844","https://openalex.org/W2006309149","https://openalex.org/W2006475000","https://openalex.org/W2022945777","https://openalex.org/W2042524010","https://openalex.org/W2050000141","https://openalex.org/W2061659108","https://openalex.org/W2065919982","https://openalex.org/W2073237809","https://openalex.org/W2082195896","https://openalex.org/W2085927826","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2105464873","https://openalex.org/W2105909330","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2115351584","https://openalex.org/W2120402127","https://openalex.org/W2120838001","https://openalex.org/W2120894903","https://openalex.org/W2122315118","https://openalex.org/W2126174118","https://openalex.org/W2137969290","https://openalex.org/W2140499889","https://openalex.org/W2143163931","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2151693816","https://openalex.org/W2151834013","https://openalex.org/W2154756515","https://openalex.org/W2155665608","https://openalex.org/W2156447271","https://openalex.org/W2156579655","https://openalex.org/W2161195301","https://openalex.org/W2161219071","https://openalex.org/W2162409952","https://openalex.org/W2165124740","https://openalex.org/W2166221887","https://openalex.org/W2166879937","https://openalex.org/W2168243774","https://openalex.org/W2180838288","https://openalex.org/W2797181071","https://openalex.org/W3217596123","https://openalex.org/W4231370560","https://openalex.org/W4232660822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016265625","https://openalex.org/W2111634407","https://openalex.org/W2552089492","https://openalex.org/W2982240858","https://openalex.org/W4205656132","https://openalex.org/W2008821896","https://openalex.org/W3004790527","https://openalex.org/W2067062989","https://openalex.org/W634011990","https://openalex.org/W2080187108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algorithms":[0],"for":[1,37],"data-driven":[2],"learning":[3],"of":[4,24,41,53,65,68,76,84,121,124,139,145,150,187,190],"domain-specific":[5],"overcomplete":[6,195,217,235],"dictionaries":[7,218],"are":[8,35,219],"developed":[9],"to":[10,221],"obtain":[11],"maximum":[12,15],"likelihood":[13],"and":[14,147,163,204,245],"a":[16,82,93,96,136],"posteriori":[17],"dictionary":[18,55,98,119,152,203,236],"estimates":[19],"based":[20],"on":[21],"the":[22,54,72,77,128,151,194,200],"use":[23],"Bayesian":[25],"models":[26],"with":[27,213,233],"concave/Schur-concave":[28],"(CSC)":[29],"negative":[30],"log":[31],"priors.":[32],"Such":[33],"priors":[34],"appropriate":[36],"obtaining":[38],"sparse":[39,140,155,205],"representations":[40,141],"environmental":[42],"signals":[43,125],"within":[44],"an":[45,116,148,234],"appropriately":[46],"chosen":[47],"(environmentally":[48],"matched)":[49],"dictionary.":[50],"The":[51],"elements":[52],"can":[56,207],"be":[57,208],"interpreted":[58],"as":[59,109,111],"concepts,":[60],"features,":[61],"or":[62,104],"words":[63,103],"capable":[64,120],"succinct":[66,110],"expression":[67,123],"events":[69],"encountered":[70],"in":[71,87,92,185],"environment":[73],"(the":[74,100],"source":[75],"measured":[78,184],"signals).":[79],"This":[80],"is":[81,90],"generalization":[83],"vector":[85],"quantization":[86],"that":[88,133,171,199,229],"one":[89,112],"interested":[91],"description":[94],"involving":[95],"few":[97],"entries":[99],"proverbial":[101],"\"25":[102],"less\"),":[105],"but":[106],"not":[107],"necessarily":[108],"entry.":[113],"To":[114],"learn":[115],"environmentally":[117],"adapted":[118],"concise":[122],"generated":[126],"by":[127,143],"environment,":[129],"we":[130,169,197],"develop":[131],"algorithms":[132,173],"iterate":[134],"between":[135],"representative":[137],"set":[138],"found":[142],"variants":[144],"FOCUSS":[146],"update":[149],"using":[153,160],"these":[154],"representations.":[156],"Experiments":[157],"were":[158],"performed":[159],"synthetic":[161],"data":[162],"natural":[164,214],"images.":[165],"For":[166],"complete":[167,227],"dictionaries,":[168],"demonstrate":[170],"our":[172],"have":[174,222,237],"improved":[175],"performance":[176],"over":[177],"other":[178],"independent":[179],"component":[180],"analysis":[181],"(ICA)":[182],"methods,":[183],"terms":[186],"signal-to-noise":[188],"ratios":[189],"separated":[191],"sources.":[192],"In":[193,211],"case,":[196],"show":[198],"true":[201],"underlying":[202],"sources":[206],"accurately":[209],"recovered.":[210],"tests":[212],"images,":[215],"learned":[216],"shown":[220],"higher":[223,239,246],"coding":[224],"efficiency":[225],"than":[226],"dictionaries;":[228],"is,":[230],"images":[231],"encoded":[232],"both":[238],"compression":[240],"(fewer":[241],"bits":[242],"per":[243],"pixel)":[244],"accuracy":[247],"(lower":[248],"mean":[249],"square":[250],"error).":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":40}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
