{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106451016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660360675026","title":"Learning the Nonlinearity of Neurons from Natural Visual Stimuli","display_name":"Learning the Nonlinearity of Neurons from Natural Visual Stimuli","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106451016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660360675026","mag":"2106451016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14511511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660360675026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660360675026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010335917","display_name":"Christoph Kayser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-5704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Kayser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University ETH Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University ETH Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072047827","display_name":"Konrad P. K\u00f6rding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-4499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad P. K\u00f6rding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University ETH Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University ETH Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024328042","display_name":"Peter K\u00f6nig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-5267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter K\u00f6nig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University ETH Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University ETH Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010335917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82112091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"1751","last_page":"1759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.7477454543113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.6790822744369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5444113612174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5296295285224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5229580998420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.516586422920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5085450410842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4813995361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.47549399733543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42013880610466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36371445655822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3327562212944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33086949586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17184650897979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1050715446472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07810267806053162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.7477454543113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.6790822744369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5444113612174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5296295285224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5229580998420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.516586422920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5085450410842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4813995361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.47549399733543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42013880610466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36371445655822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3327562212944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33086949586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17184650897979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1050715446472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07810267806053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014795","descriptor_name":"Visual Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660360675026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660360675026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14511511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14511511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.107.5038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.107.5038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.kording.eu/pubs/Kayser.nc.03.preprint.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2914186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2914186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kayser C, Kording KP, Konig P. Learning the nonlinearity of neurons from natural visual stimuli. <em>Neural Comput</em>. 2003;15(8):1751-9.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1792374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0013-DBEC-B","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491127862","https://openalex.org/W1935167563","https://openalex.org/W1988139867","https://openalex.org/W2017399882","https://openalex.org/W2037226207","https://openalex.org/W2038365357","https://openalex.org/W2056378699","https://openalex.org/W2057221085","https://openalex.org/W2082195896","https://openalex.org/W2096388912","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2108992228","https://openalex.org/W2118453814","https://openalex.org/W2120838001","https://openalex.org/W2120989812","https://openalex.org/W2125941613","https://openalex.org/W2125988384","https://openalex.org/W2134309959","https://openalex.org/W2138750531","https://openalex.org/W2141788722","https://openalex.org/W2146444479","https://openalex.org/W2151035455","https://openalex.org/W2162398415","https://openalex.org/W2167783375","https://openalex.org/W2169870310","https://openalex.org/W2172294131","https://openalex.org/W2340087731","https://openalex.org/W2418928192","https://openalex.org/W4231370560","https://openalex.org/W4232660822","https://openalex.org/W4238886193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388311650","https://openalex.org/W1974056099","https://openalex.org/W4245343541","https://openalex.org/W2386077341","https://openalex.org/W563589758","https://openalex.org/W5922282","https://openalex.org/W2954004777","https://openalex.org/W2949638731","https://openalex.org/W2951102138","https://openalex.org/W4299447939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"in":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"is":[4,41],"usually":[5],"applied":[6],"to":[7,10,32,73],"parameters":[8,27],"related":[9],"linear":[11,52],"kernels":[12],"and":[13,26,103,112],"keeps":[14],"the":[15,18,29,47,51,65,70,87,90,108,117],"nonlinearity":[16,30,48,91],"of":[17,28,64,69,80,86,110,121],"model":[19,63],"fixed.":[20],"Thus,":[21],"for":[22,59],"successful":[23],"models,":[24],"properties":[25,120],"have":[31],"be":[33],"specified":[34],"using":[35],"a":[36,61],"priori":[37],"knowledge,":[38],"which":[39],"often":[40],"missing.":[42],"Here,":[43],"we":[44],"investigate":[45],"adapting":[46],"simultaneously":[49],"with":[50,98],"kernel.":[53],"We":[54],"use":[55],"natural":[56,101,122],"visual":[57,66],"stimuli":[58,102],"training":[60],"simple":[62],"system.":[67],"Many":[68],"neurons":[71],"converge":[72],"an":[74],"energy":[75],"detector":[76],"matching":[77],"existing":[78],"models":[79],"complex":[81],"cells.":[82],"The":[83],"overall":[84],"distribution":[85],"parameter":[88],"describing":[89],"well":[92],"matches":[93],"recent":[94],"physiological":[95],"results.":[96],"Controls":[97],"randomly":[99],"shuffled":[100],"pink":[104],"noise":[105],"demonstrate":[106],"that":[107],"match":[109],"simulation":[111],"experimental":[113],"results":[114],"depends":[115],"on":[116],"higher-order":[118],"statistical":[119],"stimuli.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}