{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154472833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603322297287","title":"A Developmental Approach Aids Motor Learning","display_name":"A Developmental Approach Aids Motor Learning","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154472833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603322297287","mag":"2154472833","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12959665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976603322297287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603322297287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011037729","display_name":"V. Ivanchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-5433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Volodymyr Ivanchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067053833","display_name":"Robert A. Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6607-908X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011037729","https://openalex.org/A5067053833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67855068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"2051","last_page":"2065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7085133790969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-learning","display_name":"Motor learning","score":0.6984370946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.6181226372718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5460006594657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5409755110740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5266773104667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"Motor control","score":0.5245126485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5135707855224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5134668946266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48044154047966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-skill","display_name":"Motor skill","score":0.45213383436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3894730508327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3814821243286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.29713621735572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1353374719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08538684248924255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7085133790969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107690735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852461","display_name":"Motor learning","level":2,"score":0.6984370946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6181226372718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5460006594657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5409755110740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5266773104667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.5245126485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5135707855224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5134668946266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48044154047966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169976356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13208902","display_name":"Motor skill","level":2,"score":0.45213383436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3894730508327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3814821243286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.29713621735572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1353374719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08538684248924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003213","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003213","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003213","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009048","descriptor_name":"Motor Skills","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009048","descriptor_name":"Motor Skills","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009048","descriptor_name":"Motor Skills","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976603322297287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603322297287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12959665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12959665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549690437","https://openalex.org/W1576278180","https://openalex.org/W1601488840","https://openalex.org/W1972782666","https://openalex.org/W1981232017","https://openalex.org/W1981297107","https://openalex.org/W1988882685","https://openalex.org/W2011390512","https://openalex.org/W2029776687","https://openalex.org/W2037260614","https://openalex.org/W2089745666","https://openalex.org/W2105250396","https://openalex.org/W2132335923","https://openalex.org/W2148330858","https://openalex.org/W2213919576","https://openalex.org/W2914484425","https://openalex.org/W2980428264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308126387","https://openalex.org/W1970523025","https://openalex.org/W2071080072","https://openalex.org/W2013588380","https://openalex.org/W4240331304","https://openalex.org/W2801972429","https://openalex.org/W3185285019","https://openalex.org/W2368697114","https://openalex.org/W1967161469","https://openalex.org/W2347647442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bernstein":[0],"(1967)":[1],"suggested":[2],"that":[3,75,93,123,131],"people":[4,30,62],"attempting":[5],"to":[6,8,15,46,48,127],"learn":[7,47],"perform":[9,49],"a":[10,24,32,94],"difficult":[11,126],"motor":[12,121,136],"task":[13,51],"try":[14],"ameliorate":[16],"the":[17,21,50,54,57],"degrees-of-freedom":[18],"problem":[19],"through":[20],"use":[22],"of":[23,34,56,101],"developmental":[25,84,99],"progression.":[26],"Early":[27],"in":[28],"training,":[29],"maintain":[31],"subset":[33],"their":[35],"control":[36,68],"parameters":[37,74],"(e.g.,":[38],"joint":[39],"positions)":[40],"at":[41],"constant":[42],"settings":[43],"and":[44,64,91,105],"attempt":[45],"by":[52,70],"varying":[53,72],"values":[55],"remaining":[58],"parameters.":[59],"With":[60],"practice,":[61],"refine":[63],"improve":[65],"this":[66],"early-learned":[67],"strategy":[69],"also":[71],"those":[73],"were":[76,124],"initially":[77],"held":[78],"constant.":[79],"We":[80,129],"evaluated":[81],"Bernstein's":[82],"proposed":[83],"progression":[85],"using":[86],"six":[87],"neural":[88],"network":[89,95],"systems":[90],"found":[92],"whose":[96],"training":[97],"included":[98],"progressions":[100],"both":[102],"its":[103,106],"trajectory":[104],"feedback":[107],"gains":[108],"outperformed":[109],"all":[110],"other":[111],"systems.":[112],"These":[113],"progressions,":[114],"however,":[115],"yielded":[116],"performance":[117],"benefits":[118],"only":[119],"on":[120],"tasks":[122],"relatively":[125],"learn.":[128],"conclude":[130],"development":[132],"can":[133],"indeed":[134],"aid":[135],"learning.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
