{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168965695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002906","title":"Attractor Networks for Shape Recognition","display_name":"Attractor Networks for Shape Recognition","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168965695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002906","mag":"2168965695","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660152002906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005409465","display_name":"Yali Amit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yali Amit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047619472","display_name":"Massimo Mascaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Mascaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005409465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91599319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1415","last_page":"1442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.7841110229492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor","display_name":"Attractor","score":0.7584996223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.7046515941619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6088961362838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-theory","display_name":"Hebbian theory","score":0.5454188585281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5418092012405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48778897523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.4788344204425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.47171705961227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4406222701072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.41931378841400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2286696434020996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.7841110229492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.7584996223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.7046515941619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6088961362838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.5454188585281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5418092012405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48778897523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.4788344204425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.47171705961227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4406222701072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.41931378841400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2286696434020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660152002906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11387051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.30.9159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.9159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://galton.uchicago.edu/~amit/Papers/attractor.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26450609","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1677489248","https://openalex.org/W1884390770","https://openalex.org/W1966183288","https://openalex.org/W1975846642","https://openalex.org/W1981337977","https://openalex.org/W1986246844","https://openalex.org/W1995539593","https://openalex.org/W2002249797","https://openalex.org/W2004547450","https://openalex.org/W2005825795","https://openalex.org/W2008353316","https://openalex.org/W2014703526","https://openalex.org/W2023963201","https://openalex.org/W2039556170","https://openalex.org/W2040124307","https://openalex.org/W2042028172","https://openalex.org/W2049511526","https://openalex.org/W2067885219","https://openalex.org/W2083910902","https://openalex.org/W2089322632","https://openalex.org/W2101222204","https://openalex.org/W2101522199","https://openalex.org/W2105141346","https://openalex.org/W2115122836","https://openalex.org/W2120240539","https://openalex.org/W2121853679","https://openalex.org/W2124722975","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2140942328","https://openalex.org/W2143553955","https://openalex.org/W2149194912","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2155612774","https://openalex.org/W2157192098","https://openalex.org/W2162921217","https://openalex.org/W2165550102","https://openalex.org/W2168228682","https://openalex.org/W2185212694","https://openalex.org/W2502671996","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3203298545","https://openalex.org/W4234028443","https://openalex.org/W4237768773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177279640","https://openalex.org/W2154859999","https://openalex.org/W2108216809","https://openalex.org/W39454065","https://openalex.org/W1976606492","https://openalex.org/W2338394561","https://openalex.org/W2802418991","https://openalex.org/W1582681293","https://openalex.org/W2168965695","https://openalex.org/W3203705104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,173],"describe":[1],"a":[2,22,40,50,64,156,168],"system":[3],"of":[4,6,26,68,76,128,170],"thousands":[5],"binary":[7],"perceptrons":[8,29],"with":[9,24,104,113],"coarse-oriented":[10],"edges":[11],"as":[12,54],"input":[13,36,93],"that":[14],"is":[15,47,80,89,136,149,177],"able":[16],"to":[17,63,110,115,155],"recognize":[18],"shapes,":[19],"even":[20],"in":[21,58,118,161],"context":[23],"hundreds":[25],"classes.":[27],"The":[28,95],"have":[30],"randomized":[31],"feedforward":[32,96,182],"connections":[33,97],"from":[34],"the":[35,59,69,74,77,83,86,92,126,129,140,145,153,162],"layer":[37],"and":[38,121,124,166,185],"form":[39,169],"recurrent":[41,60,146],"network":[42],"among":[43,82],"themselves.":[44],"Each":[45],"class":[46,79,164],"represented":[48],"by":[49,152],"prelearned":[51],"attractor":[52,75,158],"(serving":[53],"an":[55],"associative":[56],"hook)":[57],"net":[61],"corresponding":[62],"randomly":[65],"selected":[66],"subpopulation":[67],"perceptrons.":[70,134],"In":[71],"training,":[72],"first":[73],"correct":[78,163],"activated":[81],"perceptrons;":[84],"then":[85,150],"visual":[87,141],"stimulus":[88],"presented":[90],"at":[91],"layer.":[94],"are":[98],"modified":[99],"using":[100],"field-dependent":[101],"Hebbian":[102],"learning":[103],"positive":[105],"synapses,":[106],"which":[107,148],"we":[108],"show":[109],"be":[111],"stable":[112],"respect":[114],"large":[116],"variations":[117],"feature":[119],"statistics":[120],"coding":[122],"levels":[123],"allows":[125],"use":[127],"same":[130],"threshold":[131],"on":[132,138],"all":[133],"Recognition":[135],"based":[137],"only":[139],"stimuli.":[142],"These":[143],"activate":[144],"network,":[147],"driven":[151],"dynamics":[154],"sustained":[157],"state,":[159],"concentrated":[160],"subset":[165],"providing":[167],"working":[171],"memory.":[172],"believe":[174],"this":[175],"architecture":[176],"more":[178],"transparent":[179],"than":[180],"standard":[181],"two-layer":[183],"networks":[184],"has":[186],"stronger":[187],"biological":[188],"analogies.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}