{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116968924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002843","title":"Optimal Smoothing in Visual Motion Perception","display_name":"Optimal Smoothing in Visual Motion Perception","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116968924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002843","mag":"2116968924","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660152002843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002759219","display_name":"Rajesh P. N. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-8952"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh P. N. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049741249","display_name":"David M. Eagleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-7974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Eagleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A","Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044141636","display_name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A., and Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A","Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A., and Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A., and Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A., and Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950","https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002759219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87936935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1243","last_page":"1253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.8260195255279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrapolation","display_name":"Extrapolation","score":0.6482967138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5933184623718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5867987275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5729003548622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.5515275001525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5311466455459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5091764330863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5078266263008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lag","display_name":"Lag","score":0.47310304641723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.4576292634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3030382990837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24464169144630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1712125539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09140843152999878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.8260195255279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.6482967138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5933184623718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5867987275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5729003548622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.5515275001525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5311466455459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5091764330863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5078266263008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75778745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626","display_name":"Lag","level":2,"score":0.47310304641723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.4576292634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3030382990837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24464169144630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1712125539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09140843152999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011698","descriptor_name":"Pursuit, Smooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011698","descriptor_name":"Pursuit, Smooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011698","descriptor_name":"Pursuit, Smooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/08997660152002843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/08997660152002843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11387045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.164.1678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.1678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://papers.cnl.salk.edu/PDFs/Optimal%20Smoothing%20in%20Visual%20Motion%20Perception%202001-3344.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.23.3351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.23.3351","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cnl.salk.edu/pub/eagleman/RaoEaglemanSejnowski2001.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.24.9288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.24.9288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/rao/nc_smoothing.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.504.6948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.504.6948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.theswartzfoundation.org/papers/salk/rao_eagleman_sejnowski_neuralcomp_2001.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17920260","https://openalex.org/W1504077366","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1562206072","https://openalex.org/W1566874021","https://openalex.org/W1626341607","https://openalex.org/W1963718895","https://openalex.org/W1971465891","https://openalex.org/W1971544863","https://openalex.org/W1972925689","https://openalex.org/W1988826043","https://openalex.org/W1992127468","https://openalex.org/W1994841627","https://openalex.org/W2032677875","https://openalex.org/W2033523384","https://openalex.org/W2045141666","https://openalex.org/W2046325610","https://openalex.org/W2054826372","https://openalex.org/W2061560619","https://openalex.org/W2063557853","https://openalex.org/W2068344932","https://openalex.org/W2079363745","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2108129526","https://openalex.org/W2115490786","https://openalex.org/W2125240890","https://openalex.org/W2135399042","https://openalex.org/W2142733650","https://openalex.org/W2148848065","https://openalex.org/W2171947545","https://openalex.org/W2798500587","https://openalex.org/W3209862660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968270095","https://openalex.org/W2220129715","https://openalex.org/W4296478327","https://openalex.org/W2042397106","https://openalex.org/W4361730764","https://openalex.org/W1965029248","https://openalex.org/W1960072520","https://openalex.org/W2023776155","https://openalex.org/W2387596242","https://openalex.org/W2333625343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"a":[1,6,124,137],"flash":[2,12],"is":[3,57,81],"aligned":[4],"with":[5],"moving":[7,17,43,60],"object,":[8],"subjects":[9],"perceive":[10],"the":[11,16,31,35,39,42,52,92,98,115,131,151,165,173],"to":[13,25,45,105],"lag":[14],"behind":[15],"object.":[18],"Two":[19],"different":[20],"models":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"proposed":[24],"explain":[26],"this":[27,110],"\"flash-lag\"":[28],"effect.":[29],"In":[30],"motion":[32,144],"extrapolation":[33],"model,":[34,55],"visual":[36,93,152],"system":[37,94,153],"extrapolates":[38],"location":[40],"of":[41,78,100,114,118,133,143,176],"object":[44],"counteract":[46],"neural":[47],"propagation":[48],"delays,":[49],"whereas":[50],"in":[51,112],"latency":[53],"difference":[54],"it":[56],"hypothesized":[58],"that":[59,76,91,123],"objects":[61],"are":[62],"processed":[63],"and":[64,121],"perceived":[65],"more":[66],"quickly":[67],"than":[68],"flashed":[69],"objects.":[70],"However,":[71],"recent":[72],"psychophysical":[73],"experiments":[74],"suggest":[75],"neither":[77],"these":[79],"interpretations":[80],"feasible":[82],"(Eagleman":[83],"&":[84],"Sejnowski,":[85],"2000a,":[86],"2000b,":[87],"2000c),":[88],"hypothesizing":[89],"instead":[90],"uses":[95],"data":[96,163,170],"from":[97,136,164,172],"future":[99,175],"an":[101,106,177],"event":[102],"before":[103],"committing":[104],"interpretation.":[107],"We":[108],"formalize":[109],"idea":[111],"terms":[113],"statistical":[116],"framework":[117],"optimal":[119],"smoothing":[120,128,147],"show":[122],"model":[125,148],"based":[126],"on":[127,162,169],"accounts":[129],"for":[130],"shape":[132],"psychometric":[134],"curves":[135],"flash-lag":[138],"experiment":[139],"involving":[140],"random":[141],"reversals":[142],"direction.":[145],"The":[146],"demonstrates":[149],"how":[150],"may":[154],"enhance":[155],"perceptual":[156],"accuracy":[157],"by":[158],"relying":[159],"not":[160],"only":[161],"past":[166],"but":[167],"also":[168],"collected":[171],"immediate":[174],"event.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}