{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136451213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014538","title":"Spatiotemporal Connectionist Networks: A Taxonomy and Review","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Connectionist Networks: A Taxonomy and Review","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136451213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014538","mag":"2136451213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976601300014538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053492737","display_name":"Stefan C. Kremer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-4379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan C. Kremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guelph Natural Computation Group, Department of Computing and Information Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada","Guelph Natural Computation Group, Department of Computing and Information Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guelph Natural Computation Group, Department of Computing and Information Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guelph Natural Computation Group, Department of Computing and Information Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053492737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96306554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"249","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.9418370723724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7662776112556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5609886050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4109562039375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38894256949424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.36749303340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34436896443367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07528194785118103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.9418370723724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7662776112556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5609886050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4109562039375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38894256949424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.36749303340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34436896443367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07528194785118103}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089976601300014538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74463220","https://openalex.org/W578108286","https://openalex.org/W1005522376","https://openalex.org/W1485981043","https://openalex.org/W1505652865","https://openalex.org/W1512416947","https://openalex.org/W1543281322","https://openalex.org/W1547547196","https://openalex.org/W1554027614","https://openalex.org/W1572149849","https://openalex.org/W1572668796","https://openalex.org/W1578533568","https://openalex.org/W1580142630","https://openalex.org/W1602414358","https://openalex.org/W1678059399","https://openalex.org/W1874739755","https://openalex.org/W1908468718","https://openalex.org/W1967914652","https://openalex.org/W1971209221","https://openalex.org/W1971844566","https://openalex.org/W1982370770","https://openalex.org/W1984205520","https://openalex.org/W1996741810","https://openalex.org/W1998878240","https://openalex.org/W1998937898","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2010276448","https://openalex.org/W2013305858","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2024169057","https://openalex.org/W2042920869","https://openalex.org/W2047587193","https://openalex.org/W2048060899","https://openalex.org/W2049093093","https://openalex.org/W2061079066","https://openalex.org/W2061315523","https://openalex.org/W2063370840","https://openalex.org/W2064152920","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065771184","https://openalex.org/W2069759010","https://openalex.org/W2087946919","https://openalex.org/W2097924526","https://openalex.org/W2098398123","https://openalex.org/W2098432744","https://openalex.org/W2099683551","https://openalex.org/W2101618401","https://openalex.org/W2101927907","https://openalex.org/W2102059542","https://openalex.org/W2103420263","https://openalex.org/W2103452139","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2108789285","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2111976170","https://openalex.org/W2112234626","https://openalex.org/W2113739696","https://openalex.org/W2114471683","https://openalex.org/W2115072676","https://openalex.org/W2116664051","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2119196219","https://openalex.org/W2119796132","https://openalex.org/W2121553911","https://openalex.org/W2124881747","https://openalex.org/W2126434873","https://openalex.org/W2126741029","https://openalex.org/W2129831132","https://openalex.org/W2133656308","https://openalex.org/W2134568112","https://openalex.org/W2136939460","https://openalex.org/W2137047528","https://openalex.org/W2138484437","https://openalex.org/W2140701212","https://openalex.org/W2143096623","https://openalex.org/W2143127637","https://openalex.org/W2144572495","https://openalex.org/W2149359396","https://openalex.org/W2152080463","https://openalex.org/W2152503618","https://openalex.org/W2154890045","https://openalex.org/W2156960699","https://openalex.org/W2159778975","https://openalex.org/W2160488609","https://openalex.org/W2163509534","https://openalex.org/W2163742764","https://openalex.org/W2165562590","https://openalex.org/W2167277568","https://openalex.org/W2167615167","https://openalex.org/W2168934702","https://openalex.org/W2170700659","https://openalex.org/W2171800554","https://openalex.org/W2532851845","https://openalex.org/W2731782018","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W3022017050","https://openalex.org/W3133056632","https://openalex.org/W4240652275","https://openalex.org/W4242141328","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W615678800","https://openalex.org/W122840862","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W2161202473","https://openalex.org/W1629725936","https://openalex.org/W2941320171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,65],"article":[1,66],"reviews":[2],"connectionist":[3],"network":[4],"architectures":[5],"and":[6,20,28,40,44,51,85],"training":[7],"algorithms":[8],"that":[9],"are":[10,53,63],"capable":[11],"of":[12,75,82],"dealing":[13],"with":[14],"patterns":[15],"distributed":[16],"across":[17],"both":[18],"space":[19],"time\u2014spatiotemporal":[21],"patterns.":[22],"It":[23],"provides":[24],"common":[25],"mathematical,":[26],"algorithmic,":[27],"illustrative":[29],"frameworks":[30],"for":[31],"describing":[32],"spatiotemporal":[33,76],"networks,":[34],"making":[35],"it":[36],"easier":[37],"to":[38,58,72],"compare":[39],"contrast":[41],"their":[42],"representational":[43,49,86],"operational":[45,84],"characteristics.":[46],"Computational":[47],"power,":[48],"issues,":[50],"learning":[52],"discussed.":[54],"In":[55],"additional":[56],"references":[57],"the":[59,83],"relevant":[60],"source":[61],"publications":[62],"provided.":[64],"can":[67],"serve":[68],"as":[69],"a":[70],"guide":[71],"prospective":[73],"users":[74],"networks":[77],"by":[78],"providing":[79],"an":[80],"overview":[81],"alternatives":[87],"available.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}