{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170160732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089892906775250030","title":"Effect of Language Switching on Arithmetic: A Bilingual fMRI Study","display_name":"Effect of Language Switching on Arithmetic: A Bilingual fMRI Study","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170160732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089892906775250030","mag":"2170160732","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16417683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089892906775250030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089892906775250030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065292053","display_name":"Vinod Venkatraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-2916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157582758","display_name":"SingHealth","ror":"https://ror.org/04me94w47","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157582758"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinod Venkatraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SingHealth Research Facilities, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SingHealth Research Facilities, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157582758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Soon Chun Siong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157582758","display_name":"SingHealth","ror":"https://ror.org/04me94w47","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157582758"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon Chun Siong","raw_affiliation_strings":["SingHealth Research Facilities, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SingHealth Research Facilities, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157582758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102945746","display_name":"Michael W.L. Chee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-0548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157582758","display_name":"SingHealth","ror":"https://ror.org/04me94w47","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157582758"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael W. L. Chee","raw_affiliation_strings":["SingHealth Research Facilities, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SingHealth Research Facilities, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157582758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102836564","display_name":"Daniel Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96118631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.8161522150039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience-of-multilingualism","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","score":0.5870082378387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4730968773365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.46767884492874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.41730231046676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.3693859577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.18512144684791565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8161522150039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.5870082378387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4730968773365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.46767884492874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.41730231046676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3693859577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.18512144684791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007839","descriptor_name":"Functional Laterality","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007839","descriptor_name":"Functional Laterality","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007839","descriptor_name":"Functional Laterality","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008606","descriptor_name":"Mental Processes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008606","descriptor_name":"Mental Processes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008606","descriptor_name":"Mental Processes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089892906775250030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089892906775250030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16417683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16417683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335846","display_name":"Biomedical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03xy0wx88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653781216","https://openalex.org/W1981548213","https://openalex.org/W1981685168","https://openalex.org/W1987064468","https://openalex.org/W1995688622","https://openalex.org/W2015030208","https://openalex.org/W2025364240","https://openalex.org/W2053138397","https://openalex.org/W2056081184","https://openalex.org/W2062802998","https://openalex.org/W2063377697","https://openalex.org/W2068106265","https://openalex.org/W2068562682","https://openalex.org/W2076018124","https://openalex.org/W2076745856","https://openalex.org/W2084668768","https://openalex.org/W2087852979","https://openalex.org/W2088175925","https://openalex.org/W2098213308","https://openalex.org/W2101794305","https://openalex.org/W2104127342","https://openalex.org/W2106428397","https://openalex.org/W2107627409","https://openalex.org/W2108956488","https://openalex.org/W2110304927","https://openalex.org/W2111609296","https://openalex.org/W2114174117","https://openalex.org/W2114825487","https://openalex.org/W2114931946","https://openalex.org/W2119887662","https://openalex.org/W2121517332","https://openalex.org/W2127166669","https://openalex.org/W2132200584","https://openalex.org/W2137309444","https://openalex.org/W2139801595","https://openalex.org/W2143709903","https://openalex.org/W2146525540","https://openalex.org/W2147573225","https://openalex.org/W2151176652","https://openalex.org/W2159733978","https://openalex.org/W2170781328","https://openalex.org/W2260773413","https://openalex.org/W3127623214","https://openalex.org/W4312370140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364188624","https://openalex.org/W2943552491","https://openalex.org/W3000397878","https://openalex.org/W2150629984","https://openalex.org/W3126400455","https://openalex.org/W2099984238","https://openalex.org/W1522343045","https://openalex.org/W159402608","https://openalex.org/W2784242244","https://openalex.org/W2430337669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17],"role":[1,86],"of":[2,12,24,60,75,87],"language":[3,76,88,116,137,165],"in":[4,15,30,89,94,97,109,114,125,142,171,214],"performing":[5],"numerical":[6],"computations":[7,62],"has":[8],"been":[9],"a":[10,25,40,72],"topic":[11],"special":[13],"interest":[14],"cognition.":[16],"\"Triple":[18],"Code":[19],"Model\"":[20],"proposes":[21],"the":[22,85,101,122,132,143,156,160,172,182,187,195],"existence":[23],"language-dependent":[26],"verbal":[27,202],"code":[28,44],"involved":[29,213],"retrieving":[31],"arithmetic":[32,61,79,91,112],"facts":[33],"related":[34],"to":[35,83,155,181],"addition":[36,189],"and":[37,39,51,65,93,117,129,149,177,203],"multiplication,":[38],"language-independent":[41],"analog":[42],"magnitude":[43],"subserving":[45],"tasks":[46,80,113],"such":[47],"as":[48],"number":[49],"comparison":[50],"estimation.":[52],"Neuroimaging":[53],"studies":[54],"have":[55],"shown":[56],"dissociation":[57],"between":[58],"dependence":[59],"involving":[63],"exact":[64,133,198],"approximate":[66,161,207],"processing":[67,199,208],"on":[68,121,201],"language-related":[69,204],"circuits.":[70],"However,":[71],"direct":[73],"manipulation":[74],"using":[77,119],"different":[78,98],"is":[81],"necessary":[82],"assess":[84],"forming":[90],"representations":[92],"solving":[95],"problems":[96,124],"languages.":[99],"In":[100,159],"present":[102],"study,":[103],"20":[104],"English-Chinese":[105],"bilinguals":[106],"were":[107,140,168],"trained":[108],"two":[110],"unfamiliar":[111],"one":[115],"scanned":[118],"fMRI":[120],"same":[123],"both":[126],"languages":[127],"(English":[128],"Chinese).":[130],"For":[131],"\"base-7":[134],"addition\"":[135],"task,":[136,164],"switching":[138,166],"effects":[139,167],"found":[141,169],"left":[144,150],"inferior":[145,151],"frontal":[146],"gyrus":[147],"(LIFG)":[148],"parietal":[152,210],"lobule":[153],"extending":[154],"angular":[157],"gyrus.":[158],"\"percentage":[162],"estimation\"":[163],"predominantly":[170],"bilateral":[173],"posterior":[174],"intraparietal":[175],"sulcus":[176],"LIFG,":[178],"slightly":[179],"dorsal":[180],"LIFG":[183],"activation":[184],"seen":[185],"for":[186],"base-7":[188],"task.":[190],"These":[191],"results":[192],"considerably":[193],"strengthen":[194],"notion":[196],"that":[197],"relies":[200],"networks,":[205],"whereas":[206],"engages":[209],"circuits":[211],"typically":[212],"magnitude-related":[215],"processing.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}