{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170471032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322753365","title":"Disambiguating Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives Using Automatically Acquired Selectional Preferences","display_name":"Disambiguating Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives Using Automatically Acquired Selectional Preferences","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170471032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322753365","mag":"2170471032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089120103322753365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322753365","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/29/4/639/1797964/089120103322753365.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/29/4/639/1797964/089120103322753365.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063848163","display_name":"Diana McCarthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diana McCarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK","Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101474712","display_name":"John Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK","Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063848163","https://openalex.org/A5101474712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9180062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"639","last_page":"654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8450402021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjective","display_name":"Adjective","score":0.8385459184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.763087272644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.730919599533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verb","display_name":"Verb","score":0.6641794443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.658616304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5423851609230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.516713559627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.45478925108909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech","display_name":"Part of speech","score":0.41111481189727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3942626714706421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8450402021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34698","display_name":"Adjective","level":3,"score":0.8385459184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.763087272644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.730919599533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.6641794443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.658616304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5423851609230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.516713559627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45478925108909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123406163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82042","display_name":"Part of speech","level":2,"score":0.41111481189727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3942626714706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089120103322753365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322753365","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/29/4/639/1797964/089120103322753365.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.11.117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cogs.sussex.ac.uk/pub/users/dianam/cl03.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.6.4550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.4550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J03/J03-4004.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2277d51890424ffc8142df29943a9bb9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2277d51890424ffc8142df29943a9bb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics, Vol 29, Iss 4 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23311847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Disambiguating_Nouns_Verbs_and_Adjectives_Using_Automatically_Acquired_Selectional_Preferences/23311847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089120103322753365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322753365","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/29/4/639/1797964/089120103322753365.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323029","display_name":"Atomic Energy of Canada Limited","ror":"https://ror.org/019ja9e37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170471032.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22627370","https://openalex.org/W1605120687","https://openalex.org/W1625716732","https://openalex.org/W1754931551","https://openalex.org/W1938444495","https://openalex.org/W1968953480","https://openalex.org/W1977182536","https://openalex.org/W1986348501","https://openalex.org/W2009477219","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2054658115","https://openalex.org/W2065157922","https://openalex.org/W2076433133","https://openalex.org/W2101837219","https://openalex.org/W2105932309","https://openalex.org/W2130747650","https://openalex.org/W2156961248","https://openalex.org/W2157025692","https://openalex.org/W2168579166","https://openalex.org/W2205651080","https://openalex.org/W3037413987","https://openalex.org/W3088413834","https://openalex.org/W3109231001","https://openalex.org/W4205167092","https://openalex.org/W4241850027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312381793","https://openalex.org/W2976849154","https://openalex.org/W2385963184","https://openalex.org/W2350058787","https://openalex.org/W3139255945","https://openalex.org/W2902614234","https://openalex.org/W2068167831","https://openalex.org/W4388156376","https://openalex.org/W2745526283","https://openalex.org/W4353002400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Selectional":[0],"preferences":[1,22,42,108,161],"have":[2],"been":[3],"used":[4,59],"by":[5],"word":[6,53,89,96],"sense":[7,85],"disambiguation":[8],"(WSD)":[9],"systems":[10,117],"as":[11],"one":[12],"source":[13],"of":[14,78,93,140],"disambiguating":[15],"information.":[16],"We":[17,74],"evaluate":[18],"WSD":[19,116],"using":[20],"selectional":[21,41,160],"acquired":[23],"for":[24,87,126],"English":[25],"adjective\u2014noun,":[26],"subject,":[27],"and":[28,65,142,166],"direct":[29],"object":[30],"grammatical":[31],"relationships":[32],"with":[33,113],"respect":[34],"to":[35,45,60,82,90,103,135,146,153],"a":[36,84,88],"standard":[37],"test":[38],"corpus.":[39],"The":[40],"are":[43],"specific":[44],"verb":[46],"or":[47],"adjective":[48],"classes,":[49],"rather":[50,67],"than":[51,68],"individual":[52],"forms,":[54],"so":[55],"they":[56],"can":[57],"be":[58,133],"disambiguate":[61],"the":[62,70,79,94,98,107,119,122,151,155,159,163,169],"co-occurring":[63],"adjectives":[64],"verbs,":[66],"just":[69],"nominal":[71],"argument":[72],"heads.":[73],"also":[75],"investigate":[76,154],"use":[77],"one-senseper-discourse":[80],"heuristic":[81,171],"propagate":[83],"tag":[86],"other":[91,114],"occurrences":[92],"same":[95,120],"within":[97],"current":[99],"document":[100],"in":[101,111,157,167],"order":[102],"increase":[104],"coverage.":[105,143],"Although":[106],"perform":[109],"well":[110],"comparison":[112],"unsupervised":[115],"on":[118],"corpus,":[121],"results":[123,152],"show":[124],"that":[125],"many":[127],"applications,":[128],"further":[129],"knowledge":[130],"sources":[131],"would":[132],"required":[134],"achieve":[136,162],"an":[137],"adequate":[138],"level":[139],"accuracy":[141],"In":[144],"addition":[145],"quantifying":[147],"performance,":[148],"we":[149],"analyze":[150],"situations":[156],"which":[158,168],"best":[164],"precision":[165],"one-sense-per-discourse":[170],"increases":[172],"performance.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}