{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123893795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120101750300526","title":"Probabilistic Top-Down Parsing and Language Modeling","display_name":"Probabilistic Top-Down Parsing and Language Modeling","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123893795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120101750300526","mag":"2123893795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089120101750300526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120101750300526","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/089120101750300526","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/089120101750300526","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020068498","display_name":"Brian Roark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Roark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Box 1978, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Box 1978, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020068498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.9573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":339,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.994536,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"249","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.9535856246948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigram","display_name":"Trigram","score":0.9278829097747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8973826766014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.7833083868026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7780188322067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6892492175102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6553452610969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5959966778755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.5586820840835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-parsing","display_name":"Top-down parsing","score":0.5417635440826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3406584858894348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.9535856246948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.9278829097747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8973826766014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.7833083868026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7780188322067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6892492175102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6553452610969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5959966778755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.5586820840835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42560504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15419395","display_name":"Top-down parsing","level":3,"score":0.5417635440826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3406584858894348}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/089120101750300526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120101750300526","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/089120101750300526","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.7816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.7816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J01/J01-2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acl.sr.language-archives.org:J01-2004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J01-2004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402137","display_name":"The COCOON platform (University of Paris)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d67ef5ab60944eb38c47d04a12df968e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d67ef5ab60944eb38c47d04a12df968e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics, Vol 27, Iss 2 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/089120101750300526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/089120101750300526","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/089120101750300526","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1406903026","display_name":"Learning and Action in the Face of Uncertainty: Cognitive,  Computational and Statistical Approaches","funder_award_id":"9870676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2123893795.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2123893795.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93150917","https://openalex.org/W145738457","https://openalex.org/W186828541","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1496659931","https://openalex.org/W1508165687","https://openalex.org/W1512626953","https://openalex.org/W1535015163","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1549364818","https://openalex.org/W1551104980","https://openalex.org/W1567570606","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1597533204","https://openalex.org/W1620568205","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1649222155","https://openalex.org/W1700641177","https://openalex.org/W1749358154","https://openalex.org/W1781980207","https://openalex.org/W1818785862","https://openalex.org/W1955233831","https://openalex.org/W1986543644","https://openalex.org/W1996903695","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2007709031","https://openalex.org/W2087165009","https://openalex.org/W2092654472","https://openalex.org/W2094052937","https://openalex.org/W2096466920","https://openalex.org/W2098379588","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2103005629","https://openalex.org/W2122472280","https://openalex.org/W2123884736","https://openalex.org/W2130747650","https://openalex.org/W2134495021","https://openalex.org/W2140842551","https://openalex.org/W2540043677","https://openalex.org/W2949237929","https://openalex.org/W2963847008","https://openalex.org/W3021452258","https://openalex.org/W3021713638","https://openalex.org/W3021928671","https://openalex.org/W4205167092","https://openalex.org/W4231741839","https://openalex.org/W4241850027","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105076537","https://openalex.org/W2020757772","https://openalex.org/W2041167939","https://openalex.org/W2551914602","https://openalex.org/W1620568205","https://openalex.org/W2950575438","https://openalex.org/W2053242504","https://openalex.org/W79835312","https://openalex.org/W2952217394","https://openalex.org/W2123893795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,24],"describes":[2],"the":[3,15,64,70,79,121,128,132,154,157],"functioning":[4],"of":[5,17,62,66,156],"a":[6,112,145],"broad-coverage":[7,81],"probabilistic":[8,33,50,90],"top-down":[9,51,91],"parser,":[10],"and":[11,32,35,69,96],"its":[12],"application":[13],"to":[14,41,78,120,130,141],"problem":[16],"language":[18,30,46,86],"modeling":[19,31],"for":[20,45],"speech":[21],"recognition.":[22],"The":[23],"first":[25],"introduces":[26],"key":[27],"notions":[28],"in":[29,60,106],"parsing,":[34],"briefly":[36],"reviews":[37],"some":[38],"previous":[39,104],"approaches":[40],"using":[42],"syntactic":[43],"structure":[44],"modeling.":[47],"A":[48,84,148],"lexicalized":[49],"parser":[52],"is":[53,93,139],"then":[54,94],"presented,":[55],"which":[56,73,131],"performs":[57],"very":[58],"well,":[59],"terms":[61],"both":[63],"accuracy":[65],"returned":[67],"parses":[68],"efficiency":[71],"with":[72,111],"they":[74],"are":[75],"found,":[76],"relative":[77,119],"best":[80],"statistical":[82],"parsers.":[83],"new":[85],"model":[87,114,138],"that":[88,100,142],"utilizes":[89],"parsing":[92,137],"outlined,":[95],"empirical":[97],"results":[98],"show":[99],"it":[101],"improves":[102],"upon":[103],"work":[105],"test":[107],"corpus":[108],"perplexity.":[109],"Interpolation":[110],"trigram":[113,146],"yields":[115],"an":[116],"exceptional":[117],"improvement":[118,122],"observed":[123],"by":[124,135,144],"other":[125],"models,":[126],"demonstrating":[127],"degree":[129],"information":[133],"captured":[134,143],"our":[136],"orthogonal":[140],"model.":[147,158],"small":[149],"recognition":[150],"experiment":[151],"also":[152],"demonstrates":[153],"utility":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
