{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046823006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000327392","title":"Language Specificity in Speech Perception: Perception of Mandarin Tones by Native and Nonnative Listeners","display_name":"Language Specificity in Speech Perception: Perception of Mandarin Tones by Native and Nonnative Listeners","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046823006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000327392","mag":"2046823006","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000327392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000327392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137490058","display_name":"Phonetica","issn_l":"0031-8388","issn":["0031-8388","1423-0321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103420657","display_name":"Tsan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo , SUNY Buffalo, Bufallo, N.Y., and b Department of Linguistics , University of California, Berkeley, Calif. , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo , SUNY Buffalo, Bufallo, N.Y., and b Department of Linguistics , University of California, Berkeley, Calif. , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103006745","display_name":"Keith Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo , SUNY Buffalo, Bufallo, N.Y., and b Department of Linguistics , University of California, Berkeley, Calif. , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo , SUNY Buffalo, Bufallo, N.Y., and b Department of Linguistics , University of California, Berkeley, Calif. , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103420657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96011253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"4","first_page":"243","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.9410060048103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6695277690887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.6632473468780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.637116551399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6364495158195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.559139609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5187204480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.5085898637771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-perception","display_name":"Speech perception","score":0.4589385390281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-language","display_name":"First language","score":0.43605396151542664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.2860124707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.2118556797504425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.9410060048103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6695277690887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.6632473468780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.637116551399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6364495158195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.559139609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5187204480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.5085898637771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.4589385390281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.43605396151542664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2860124707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2118556797504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044466","descriptor_name":"Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044466","descriptor_name":"Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044466","descriptor_name":"Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000327392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000327392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137490058","display_name":"Phonetica","issn_l":"0031-8388","issn":["0031-8388","1423-0321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21525779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6035021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7077082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309374","display_name":"Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4019956","https://openalex.org/W5768324","https://openalex.org/W31856118","https://openalex.org/W84943840","https://openalex.org/W90814103","https://openalex.org/W150077446","https://openalex.org/W152269749","https://openalex.org/W203573121","https://openalex.org/W216439196","https://openalex.org/W570355132","https://openalex.org/W572647398","https://openalex.org/W608574696","https://openalex.org/W1490144719","https://openalex.org/W1506507878","https://openalex.org/W1519124935","https://openalex.org/W1519956846","https://openalex.org/W1533473429","https://openalex.org/W1598851216","https://openalex.org/W1732999991","https://openalex.org/W1951934685","https://openalex.org/W1978305630","https://openalex.org/W1982490440","https://openalex.org/W1984092870","https://openalex.org/W1984960698","https://openalex.org/W1988819670","https://openalex.org/W1990387993","https://openalex.org/W1990444693","https://openalex.org/W1994492508","https://openalex.org/W1994939877","https://openalex.org/W1998152062","https://openalex.org/W2000215628","https://openalex.org/W2003341094","https://openalex.org/W2005964093","https://openalex.org/W2009740369","https://openalex.org/W2010800472","https://openalex.org/W2012347469","https://openalex.org/W2012658644","https://openalex.org/W2019575913","https://openalex.org/W2022323950","https://openalex.org/W2026070756","https://openalex.org/W2027434643","https://openalex.org/W2037249514","https://openalex.org/W2041176856","https://openalex.org/W2042055936","https://openalex.org/W2045752007","https://openalex.org/W2049068467","https://openalex.org/W2053387080","https://openalex.org/W2057976714","https://openalex.org/W2062956221","https://openalex.org/W2063525438","https://openalex.org/W2065847506","https://openalex.org/W2066122504","https://openalex.org/W2067867184","https://openalex.org/W2072018110","https://openalex.org/W2084579522","https://openalex.org/W2093545276","https://openalex.org/W2094470668","https://openalex.org/W2095015070","https://openalex.org/W2096563020","https://openalex.org/W2106865617","https://openalex.org/W2111115691","https://openalex.org/W2112461637","https://openalex.org/W2119683513","https://openalex.org/W2125624224","https://openalex.org/W2128036922","https://openalex.org/W2129704081","https://openalex.org/W2136021561","https://openalex.org/W2140661818","https://openalex.org/W2146843281","https://openalex.org/W2146970787","https://openalex.org/W2148922880","https://openalex.org/W2150389998","https://openalex.org/W2158935809","https://openalex.org/W2162304437","https://openalex.org/W2167492924","https://openalex.org/W2171016944","https://openalex.org/W2246297150","https://openalex.org/W2276504555","https://openalex.org/W2320392458","https://openalex.org/W2325929439","https://openalex.org/W2336183687","https://openalex.org/W2353525634","https://openalex.org/W2429815229","https://openalex.org/W2560389034","https://openalex.org/W2579428560","https://openalex.org/W2598163908","https://openalex.org/W2629314552","https://openalex.org/W2777677401","https://openalex.org/W2779469752","https://openalex.org/W2970081408","https://openalex.org/W3200634688","https://openalex.org/W3211740065","https://openalex.org/W4230917650","https://openalex.org/W4256449342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355566797","https://openalex.org/W2393887907","https://openalex.org/W3087070521","https://openalex.org/W4212978278","https://openalex.org/W2312511856","https://openalex.org/W1499260915","https://openalex.org/W83810944","https://openalex.org/W2388358046","https://openalex.org/W2749645001","https://openalex.org/W2362019641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"results":[1],"reported":[2],"in":[3,58,74,114],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"indicate":[6],"that":[7,50,84],"native":[8,26],"speakers":[9,27],"of":[10,21,28,72,86,102,109],"Mandarin":[11,22,31,59],"Chinese":[12,45],"rate":[13],"the":[14,18,92,99,103,115],"perceptual":[15,76],"similarities":[16],"among":[17],"lexical":[19],"tones":[20,49],"differently":[23],"than":[24,66],"do":[25],"American":[29],"English.":[30],"listeners":[32,40,46],"were":[33,89],"sensitive":[34],"to":[35,42,63],"tone":[36,55],"contour":[37],"while":[38],"English":[39,68],"attended":[41],"pitch":[43],"levels.":[44],"also":[47],"rated":[48],"are":[51],"neutralized":[52],"by":[53],"phonological":[54],"sandhi":[56],"rules":[57],"as":[60],"more":[61],"similar":[62],"each":[64],"other":[65],"did":[67],"speakers--indicating":[69],"a":[70,107],"role":[71],"phonology":[73],"determining":[75],"salience.":[77],"In":[78],"two":[79],"further":[80],"experiments,":[81],"we":[82],"found":[83],"some":[85],"these":[87],"differences":[88],"eliminated":[90],"when":[91],"listening":[93,119],"task":[94],"focused":[95],"listeners'":[96],"attention":[97],"on":[98],"auditory":[100],"properties":[101],"stimuli,":[104],"but,":[105],"interestingly,":[106],"degree":[108],"language":[110],"specificity":[111],"remained":[112],"even":[113],"most":[116],"purely":[117],"psychophysical":[118],"tasks":[120],"with":[121],"speech":[122],"stimuli.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
