{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387735395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4551091","title":"Pricing for Refund Service Fee of High-Speed Railway: An Optimization Approach with Uncertain Demand","display_name":"Pricing for Refund Service Fee of High-Speed Railway: An Optimization Approach with Uncertain Demand","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387735395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4551091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/4551091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4551091","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2023/4551091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2023/4551091","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718079","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081707288","display_name":"Jiafa Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0546-5984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiafa Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Transportation and Economics, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Transportation and Economics, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043066409","display_name":"Hongye Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-4777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongye Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108580473","display_name":"Xiaoyan Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081707288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.3884,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.745806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ticket","display_name":"Ticket","score":0.9514709711074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.6522805690765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.6212438344955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5337762832641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5248662829399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pricing-strategies","display_name":"Pricing strategies","score":0.4379866421222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4052037000656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.18816205859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.18727722764015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1492193341255188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776540713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7800647","display_name":"Ticket","level":2,"score":0.9514709711074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6522805690765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.6212438344955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5337762832641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5248662829399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780193402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394670","display_name":"Pricing strategies","level":2,"score":0.4379866421222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4052037000656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.18816205859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18727722764015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1492193341255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/4551091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4551091","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2023/4551091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:4551091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2023/4551091.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad69cf74a0504de98122700a2e999fb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad69cf74a0504de98122700a2e999fb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2023 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2023/4551091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4551091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/4551091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4551091","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2023/4551091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2000097358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YJ148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","funder_display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387735395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387735395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74203006","https://openalex.org/W1966524100","https://openalex.org/W1969532145","https://openalex.org/W1971354452","https://openalex.org/W1971532047","https://openalex.org/W1972955011","https://openalex.org/W2012754452","https://openalex.org/W2040061501","https://openalex.org/W2042791749","https://openalex.org/W2046102920","https://openalex.org/W2099463319","https://openalex.org/W2111817782","https://openalex.org/W2128951681","https://openalex.org/W2130822217","https://openalex.org/W2136768128","https://openalex.org/W2139998752","https://openalex.org/W2167865662","https://openalex.org/W2179936127","https://openalex.org/W2356337634","https://openalex.org/W2570178083","https://openalex.org/W2779816802","https://openalex.org/W2903021991","https://openalex.org/W2911388473","https://openalex.org/W2956496894","https://openalex.org/W3121705464","https://openalex.org/W3123040944","https://openalex.org/W4233625979","https://openalex.org/W4313502984","https://openalex.org/W6679026440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W132856376","https://openalex.org/W4288388931","https://openalex.org/W2892636954","https://openalex.org/W4206805925","https://openalex.org/W2124789287","https://openalex.org/W646340087","https://openalex.org/W2599594691","https://openalex.org/W2884216436","https://openalex.org/W2514709110","https://openalex.org/W2145475767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compared":[0],"to":[1,19,52,65,131,143,165,174,209],"single":[2],"ticket":[3,9,29,33,55,121,158,175],"purchase":[4,34],"behavior,":[5],"the":[6,20,48,59,112,119,124,133,141,149,168,190,198,211,224],"impact":[7],"of":[8,16,41,61,114,136,151,170],"cancellation":[10,30,56],"behavior":[11,57],"on":[12,86,99,118,223],"revenue":[13],"is":[14,72,177],"full":[15],"complexity.":[17],"Due":[18],"cancelled":[21],"tickets":[22],"will":[23],"be":[24],"resold":[25],"with":[26,148],"uncertain":[27],"demand,":[28],"behaviors":[31,35],"and":[32,38,44,217],"are":[36],"intertwined":[37],"influenced,":[39],"composed":[40],"a":[42,90],"dynamic":[43,225],"complex":[45],"system":[46],"in":[47,58,105],"presale":[49],"period.":[50],"How":[51],"charge":[53],"for":[54,76,94,154,202,228],"name":[60],"refund":[62,95,171,183,203,229],"service":[63,96,172,184,204,230],"fee":[64,97,173,185],"reduce":[66],"losses":[67,155],"as":[68,70,189],"much":[69],"possible":[71],"an":[73,145],"urgent":[74],"problem":[75],"high-speed":[77],"railway":[78],"enterprises.":[79],"However,":[80],"there":[81],"has":[82],"been":[83],"little":[84],"research":[85],"this":[87,106],"issue.":[88],"Therefore,":[89],"pricing":[91,226],"optimization":[92,146],"approach":[93],"based":[98,117],"negative":[100,125],"binomial":[101,126],"distribution":[102],"was":[103,129,163,206],"proposed":[104],"article.":[107],"Firstly,":[108],"we":[109,139],"proved":[110],"that":[111,167,197],"probability":[113],"passengers":[115,142],"arriving":[116],"accumulated":[120],"sales":[122],"obeyed":[123],"distribution,":[127],"which":[128],"used":[130],"fit":[132],"uncertainty":[134],"demand":[135],"passengers.":[137],"Then,":[138],"categorized":[140],"build":[144],"model":[147],"objective":[150],"maximizing":[152],"compensation":[153],"caused":[156],"by":[157],"cancellation.":[159],"A":[160],"case":[161],"study":[162],"implemented":[164],"show":[166],"proportion":[169],"price":[176],"generally":[178],"higher":[179],"than":[180],"50%.":[181],"The":[182],"remains":[186],"monotonously":[187],"nondecreasing":[188],"departure":[191],"date":[192],"approaches.":[193],"It":[194],"also":[195],"indicated":[196],"current":[199],"charging":[200],"standard":[201],"fees":[205],"too":[207],"low":[208],"offset":[210],"losses.":[212],"In":[213],"addition,":[214],"passenger":[215,218],"preferences":[216],"flow":[219],"have":[220],"significant":[221],"impacts":[222],"strategy":[227],"fees.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}