{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039327773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813350","title":"Automatic NoSQL to Relational Database Transformation with Dynamic Schema Mapping","display_name":"Automatic NoSQL to Relational Database Transformation with Dynamic Schema Mapping","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039327773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813350","mag":"3039327773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8813350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813350","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8813350.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8813350.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089699607","display_name":"Zain Aftab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain Aftab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071556464","display_name":"Waheed Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Waheed Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-8549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023878979","display_name":"Khaled Mohamad Almustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Mohamad Almustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University Riyadh, 11586 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University Riyadh, 11586 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031861155","display_name":"Faisal Bukhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-9742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Bukhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022821687","display_name":"Muhammad Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-558X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-558X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071556464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":3.3418,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93557623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosql","display_name":"NoSQL","score":0.9859866499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.819445013999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.7631610631942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.7078425288200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.6341843008995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-structured-data","display_name":"Semi-structured data","score":0.5994143486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view","display_name":"View","score":0.57559734582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5627731084823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml-database","display_name":"XML database","score":0.5621687769889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-model","display_name":"Database model","score":0.5496278405189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-schema","display_name":"Database schema","score":0.5187132954597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.48368769884109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.43269652128219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3255375027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.16234228014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14305177330970764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82231","display_name":"NoSQL","level":3,"score":0.9859866499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819445013999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.7631610631942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.7078425288200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.6341843008995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40077939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2336004","display_name":"Semi-structured data","level":3,"score":0.5994143486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54239708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329910","display_name":"View","level":3,"score":0.57559734582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5627731084823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183068750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357393","display_name":"XML database","level":3,"score":0.5621687769889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5968703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267136","display_name":"Database model","level":3,"score":0.5496278405189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30775581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632285","display_name":"Database schema","level":3,"score":0.5187132954597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.48368769884109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.43269652128219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3255375027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.16234228014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14305177330970764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8813350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813350","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8813350.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5dd7790001ce423d88666f30d3b8721f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5dd7790001ce423d88666f30d3b8721f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8813350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813350","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8813350.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039327773.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039327773.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208654116","https://openalex.org/W1966764836","https://openalex.org/W2003041138","https://openalex.org/W2019367606","https://openalex.org/W2019540883","https://openalex.org/W2030364429","https://openalex.org/W2030877481","https://openalex.org/W2046006386","https://openalex.org/W2083755493","https://openalex.org/W2139533448","https://openalex.org/W2141177571","https://openalex.org/W2294637194","https://openalex.org/W2345685777","https://openalex.org/W2537849499","https://openalex.org/W2586697060","https://openalex.org/W2928793639","https://openalex.org/W2932811132","https://openalex.org/W2945166109","https://openalex.org/W3113167932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588786827","https://openalex.org/W2185193035","https://openalex.org/W1016652228","https://openalex.org/W279222092","https://openalex.org/W2188578519","https://openalex.org/W1502610062","https://openalex.org/W60511584","https://openalex.org/W2153455914","https://openalex.org/W3176711676","https://openalex.org/W4392007649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,139],"use":[2],"of":[3,51],"NoSQL":[4,29,52,81,100,116,148],"databases":[5,124],"has":[6],"grown":[7],"to":[8,14,23,31,53,77,97,125,138],"manage":[9],"unstructured":[10,80],"data":[11,25,145],"for":[12,36,40,129],"applications":[13],"ensure":[15],"performance":[16],"and":[17,46,65,72,92,118,120],"scalability.":[18],"However,":[19],"many":[20],"organizations":[21],"prefer":[22],"transfer":[24],"from":[26,146],"an":[27,70,79,94],"operational":[28],"database":[30,35,55,82,101,105,149],"a":[32,84,99,103,115,147,151],"SQL-based":[33],"relational":[34,54,104,123,152],"using":[37],"existing":[38,49,140],"tools":[39],"business":[41],"intelligence,":[42],"analytics,":[43],"decision":[44],"making,":[45],"reporting.":[47],"The":[48],"methods":[50],"transformation":[56,127],"require":[57],"manual":[58],"schema":[59],"mapping,":[60],"which":[61],"requires":[62],"domain":[63],"expertise":[64],"consumes":[66],"noticeable":[67],"time.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"efficient":[71,95],"automatic":[73],"method":[74,96],"is":[75],"needed":[76],"transform":[78,98],"into":[83,102,150],"structured":[85],"database.":[86,153],"In":[87,107],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90,111],"proposed":[91],"evaluated":[93],"automatically.":[106],"our":[108],"experimental":[109],"evaluation,":[110],"used":[112],"MongoDB":[113],"as":[114,122],"database,":[117],"MySQL":[119],"PostgreSQL":[121],"perform":[126],"tasks":[128],"different":[130],"dataset":[131],"sizes.":[132],"We":[133],"observed":[134],"excellent":[135],"performance,":[136],"compared":[137],"state-of-the-art":[141],"methods,":[142],"in":[143],"transforming":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}