{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2595889261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4359195","title":"An Improved Belief Entropy and Its Application in Decision-Making","display_name":"An Improved Belief Entropy and Its Application in Decision-Making","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2595889261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4359195","mag":"2595889261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/4359195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4359195","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2017/4359195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2017/4359195.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046223852","display_name":"Deyun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-5387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055630362","display_name":"Yongchuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongchuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-9628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101679761","display_name":"Jiang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-2963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055630362","https://openalex.org/A5101679761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":5.7354,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96695797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dempster\u2013shafer-theory","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","score":0.7531381845474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6834033727645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-structure","display_name":"Belief structure","score":0.6065500974655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discernment","display_name":"Discernment","score":0.5268769860267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5122946500778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proposition","display_name":"Proposition","score":0.5017726421356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-fusion","display_name":"Information fusion","score":0.46620070934295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-entropy","display_name":"Joint entropy","score":0.46022114157676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4189959168434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41595005989074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3628106713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.2803165316581726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178011137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285997","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","level":2,"score":0.7531381845474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6834033727645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44973800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4882755","display_name":"Belief structure","level":2,"score":0.6065500974655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780211513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132167","display_name":"Discernment","level":2,"score":0.5268769860267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5122946500778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.5017726421356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982962833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information fusion","level":2,"score":0.46620070934295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106752470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364826","display_name":"Joint entropy","level":3,"score":0.46022114157676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4189959168434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41595005989074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3628106713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.2803165316581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/4359195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4359195","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2017/4359195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:4359195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2017/4359195.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be2ee8dc2c2d4ef59360f8c005d04b17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be2ee8dc2c2d4ef59360f8c005d04b17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/4359195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4359195","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2017/4359195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1045181002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAST2016083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1485032334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016JM6018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3229039315","display_name":"\u975e\u5b8c\u5907\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u7387\u6307\u6d3e\u751f\u6210\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4002149381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAST2016083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5645453550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016JM6018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5937878541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2595889261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2595889261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W333325260","https://openalex.org/W881110586","https://openalex.org/W1177241668","https://openalex.org/W1560235879","https://openalex.org/W1919153841","https://openalex.org/W1979639955","https://openalex.org/W1980297452","https://openalex.org/W1980355040","https://openalex.org/W1987812214","https://openalex.org/W2004348747","https://openalex.org/W2010086159","https://openalex.org/W2017597960","https://openalex.org/W2025629941","https://openalex.org/W2028315673","https://openalex.org/W2030174915","https://openalex.org/W2030716821","https://openalex.org/W2031670719","https://openalex.org/W2037258518","https://openalex.org/W2037393017","https://openalex.org/W2038785343","https://openalex.org/W2040513800","https://openalex.org/W2048196003","https://openalex.org/W2053383857","https://openalex.org/W2057314357","https://openalex.org/W2062458928","https://openalex.org/W2066843515","https://openalex.org/W2071486000","https://openalex.org/W2081779205","https://openalex.org/W2088070318","https://openalex.org/W2090256920","https://openalex.org/W2093389532","https://openalex.org/W2096088275","https://openalex.org/W2109419477","https://openalex.org/W2114463407","https://openalex.org/W2117161742","https://openalex.org/W2136771363","https://openalex.org/W2143152328","https://openalex.org/W2154127879","https://openalex.org/W2163589254","https://openalex.org/W2165990543","https://openalex.org/W2176632791","https://openalex.org/W2182381755","https://openalex.org/W2188412544","https://openalex.org/W2193720533","https://openalex.org/W2200383562","https://openalex.org/W2218082174","https://openalex.org/W2222403068","https://openalex.org/W2223993383","https://openalex.org/W2265149698","https://openalex.org/W2268875920","https://openalex.org/W2275274585","https://openalex.org/W2276298621","https://openalex.org/W2292822555","https://openalex.org/W2299423180","https://openalex.org/W2321837546","https://openalex.org/W2335715950","https://openalex.org/W2338272829","https://openalex.org/W2338401025","https://openalex.org/W2344395450","https://openalex.org/W2395003977","https://openalex.org/W2396175900","https://openalex.org/W2399520445","https://openalex.org/W2402164117","https://openalex.org/W2406470551","https://openalex.org/W2460364132","https://openalex.org/W2484913472","https://openalex.org/W2488472929","https://openalex.org/W2507562518","https://openalex.org/W2518415416","https://openalex.org/W2520183165","https://openalex.org/W2528515335","https://openalex.org/W2962904896","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W2993334109","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4240141182","https://openalex.org/W4253746549","https://openalex.org/W4255833381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375241840","https://openalex.org/W2084973197","https://openalex.org/W2116644838","https://openalex.org/W2376340883","https://openalex.org/W2123173515","https://openalex.org/W1587782513","https://openalex.org/W2081781795","https://openalex.org/W2380806635","https://openalex.org/W2115828072","https://openalex.org/W2912573546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uncertainty":[0],"measure":[1,18,56,123],"in":[2,23,74,87,124],"data":[3],"fusion":[4],"applications":[5],"is":[6,72,117,136,145],"a":[7,11,44,118,133],"hot":[8],"topic;":[9],"quite":[10],"few":[12],"methods":[13,29,54],"have":[14],"been":[15],"proposed":[16,73,78,154],"to":[17,33,49,148],"the":[19,27,34,37,52,57,88,94,99,102,105,108,111,129,141,153],"degree":[20,61],"of":[21,36,39,46,59,90,104,110,140],"uncertainty":[22,122],"Dempster-Shafer":[24,75,125],"framework.":[25,76,126],"However,":[26],"existing":[28,53],"pay":[30],"little":[31],"attention":[32],"scale":[35,109],"frame":[38],"discernment":[40],"(FOD),":[41],"which":[42],"means":[43],"loss":[45],"information.":[47],"Due":[48],"this":[50,66],"reason,":[51],"cannot":[55],"difference":[58],"uncertain":[60,95],"among":[62],"different":[63],"FODs.":[64],"In":[65],"paper,":[67],"an":[68],"improved":[69,114],"belief":[70,79,115,131,143],"entropy":[71,80,116,144],"The":[77,113,138],"takes":[81],"into":[82],"consideration":[83],"more":[84],"available":[85],"information":[86,96],"body":[89],"evidence":[91],"(BOE),":[92],"including":[93],"modeled":[97],"by":[98],"mass":[100],"function,":[101],"cardinality":[103],"proposition,":[106],"and":[107,152],"FOD.":[112],"new":[119,130,142],"method":[120],"for":[121],"Based":[127],"on":[128],"entropy,":[132],"decision-making":[134,155],"approach":[135],"designed.":[137],"validity":[139],"verified":[146],"according":[147],"some":[149],"numerical":[150],"examples":[151],"approach.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}