{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2624033401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/968046","title":"CARNIVORE: A Disruption-Tolerant System for Studying Wildlife","display_name":"CARNIVORE: A Disruption-Tolerant System for Studying Wildlife","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2624033401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/968046","mag":"2624033401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/968046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/968046","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2011/968046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2011/968046","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008200620","display_name":"Matthew Rutishauser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Rutishauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057254920","display_name":"Vladislav Petkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vladislav Petkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089663041","display_name":"Jay Boice","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Boice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067832138","display_name":"Katia Obraczka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-1690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katia Obraczka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023926802","display_name":"Patrick E. Mantey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Mantey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074611009","display_name":"Terrie M. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-009X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terrie M. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037217881","display_name":"Christopher C. Wilmers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher C. Wilmers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057254920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"apc_paid":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"fwci":2.1095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88654134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.944599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnivore","display_name":"Carnivore","score":0.9440921545028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7531559467315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife","display_name":"Wildlife","score":0.6329973936080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4513234496116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4282695949077606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4141429364681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.18178391456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predation","display_name":"Predation","score":0.08471208810806274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163528473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81875","display_name":"Carnivore","level":3,"score":0.9440921545028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531559467315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.6329973936080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4513234496116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4282695949077606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4141429364681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18178391456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.08471208810806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/968046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/968046","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2011/968046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d81f93cbdf249b3b94eec574143bf8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d81f93cbdf249b3b94eec574143bf8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2011 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/968046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/968046","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2011/968046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9200000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3536836800","display_name":"ANIMA (Accelerometer Network Integrator for Mobile Animals), a New Instrument Package for Integrating Behavior, Physiology and Ecology of Wild Mammals","funder_award_id":"0963022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3550711796","display_name":"The role of species interactions on community response to climate change.","funder_award_id":"0729707","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5495218408","display_name":"Trophic Mismatch and Its Consequences for Dynamics of an Arctic Herbivore","funder_award_id":"0713994","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310688","display_name":"Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv0wd17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337373","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624033401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624033401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1999585622","https://openalex.org/W2022726250","https://openalex.org/W2026300163","https://openalex.org/W2045028348","https://openalex.org/W2050158673","https://openalex.org/W2081774816","https://openalex.org/W2095620454","https://openalex.org/W2100927103","https://openalex.org/W2104532741","https://openalex.org/W2105482627","https://openalex.org/W2120168456","https://openalex.org/W2123825896","https://openalex.org/W2127949150","https://openalex.org/W2142522527","https://openalex.org/W2151130840","https://openalex.org/W2153422903","https://openalex.org/W2390886692","https://openalex.org/W4243587327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3174146188","https://openalex.org/W1940328319","https://openalex.org/W2124149848","https://openalex.org/W2271627438","https://openalex.org/W4376958962","https://openalex.org/W1606552287","https://openalex.org/W4307432804","https://openalex.org/W2064134207","https://openalex.org/W3110848568","https://openalex.org/W2176619026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"CARNIVORE,":[2],"a":[3,20,103,108,114,188],"system":[4,186],"for":[5,73,193],"in":[6,14,150],"situ,":[7],"unobtrusive":[8],"monitoring":[9],"of":[10,22,77,91,105,121,127],"cryptic,":[11],"difficult-to-catch/observe":[12],"wildlife":[13,60,133,194],"their":[15],"natural":[16],"habitat.":[17],"CARNIVORE":[18,83,109],"is":[19,187],"network":[21,64],"mobile":[23,38,110],"and":[24,31,44,69,97,117,140,147,153,162,190],"static":[25,48],"nodes":[26,40,95],"with":[27,156],"sensing,":[28],"processing,":[29],"storage,":[30],"wireless":[32],"communication":[33],"capabilities.":[34],"CARNIVORE's":[35],"compact,":[36],"low-power,":[37],"animal-borne":[39],"collect":[41],"sensor":[42],"data":[43,122,128,142],"transmit":[45],"it":[46,53],"to":[47,54,99,124,143],"nodes,":[49],"which":[50],"then":[51],"relay":[52],"the":[55,59,63,185],"Internet.":[56],"Depending":[57],"on":[58,113,173],"being":[61],"studied,":[62],"can":[65,165],"be":[66,166],"quite":[67],"sparse":[68],"therefore":[70],"disconnected":[71],"frequently":[72],"arbitrarily":[74],"long":[75],"periods":[76],"time.":[78],"To":[79],"support":[80],"\"disconnected":[81],"operation\",":[82],"uses":[84],"an":[85],"\"opportunistic":[86],"routing\"":[87],"approach":[88],"taking":[89],"advantage":[90],"every":[92],"encounter":[93],"between":[94],"(mobile-to-mobile":[96],"mobile-to-static)":[98],"propagate":[100],"data.":[101],"With":[102],"lifespan":[104],"50\u2013100":[106],"days,":[107],"node,":[111],"outfitted":[112],"collar,":[115],"collects":[116],"transmits":[118],"1":[119],"GB":[120],"compared":[123],"450":[125],"kB":[126],"from":[129,170],"comparable":[130],"commercially":[131],"available":[132],"collars.":[134],"Each":[135],"collar":[136],"records":[137],"3-axis":[138],"accelerometer":[139],"GPS":[141],"infer":[144],"animal":[145],"behavior":[146,164],"energy":[148],"consumption.Testing":[149],"both":[151],"laboratory":[152],"free-range":[154],"settings":[155],"domestic":[157],"dogs":[158],"shows":[159],"that":[160,184],"galloping":[161],"trotting":[163],"identified.":[167],"Data":[168],"collected":[169],"first":[171],"deployments":[172],"mountain":[174],"lions":[175],"(Puma":[176],"concolor)":[177],"near":[178],"Santa":[179],"Cruz,":[180],"CA,":[181],"USA":[182],"show":[183],"viable":[189],"useful":[191],"tool":[192],"research.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}