{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002221798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912699000012","title":"Robustness of the sample correlation - the bivariate lognormal case","display_name":"Robustness of the sample correlation - the bivariate lognormal case","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002221798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912699000012","mag":"2002221798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/s1173912699000012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912699000012","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1999/472545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187318915","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1173-9126","issn":["1173-9126","1532-7612"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1999/472545.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022957419","display_name":"C. D. Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. D. Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistics, IIST, Massey University, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics, IIST, Massey University, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015245481","display_name":"J. C. W. Rayner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-0026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. W. Rayner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000543183","display_name":"T. P. Hutchinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-0885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. P. Hutchinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Behavioural Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Behavioural Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79374312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.5518897771835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.521213173866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4628101885318756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bivariate-analysis","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","score":0.45698076486587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3639168441295624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35948801040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3410132825374603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33598461747169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06609061360359192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5518897771835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.521213173866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4628101885318756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.45698076486587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3639168441295624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35948801040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3410132825374603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33598461747169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06609061360359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/s1173912699000012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912699000012","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1999/472545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187318915","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1173-9126","issn":["1173-9126","1532-7612"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/s1173912699000012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912699000012","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1999/472545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187318915","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1173-9126","issn":["1173-9126","1532-7612"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002221798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002221798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965697184","https://openalex.org/W2078539742","https://openalex.org/W2333240428","https://openalex.org/W4233345172","https://openalex.org/W4244515483","https://openalex.org/W4247145910","https://openalex.org/W4300714748","https://openalex.org/W6684655780","https://openalex.org/W6811027551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1721599012","https://openalex.org/W2901858382","https://openalex.org/W4384273653","https://openalex.org/W4372063917","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2513280345","https://openalex.org/W1988056326","https://openalex.org/W4384498448","https://openalex.org/W2313428157","https://openalex.org/W2683857909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65],"sample":[1,53],"correlation":[2,14,61],"coefficient":[3,15,62],"<mml:math":[4,16,21,63,102,109],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math>":[5],"is":[6,68],"almost":[7],"universally":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,123,136,139],"estimate":[11],"the":[12,19,36,48,59,95,98],"population":[13,60],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03c1</mml:mi></mml:math>.":[17,64],"If":[18],"pair":[20],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[22],"has":[23],"a":[24,52,119],"bivariate":[25,66,96],"normal":[26],"distribution,":[27],"this":[28,75],"would":[29],"not":[30],"cause":[31],"any":[32],"trouble.":[33],"However,":[34],"if":[35,41,108],"marginals":[37],"are":[38,80],"nonnormal,":[39],"particularly":[40],"they":[42],"have":[43],"high":[44],"skewness":[45],"and":[46,85,111],"kurtosis,":[47],"estimated":[49],"value":[50],"from":[51,58],"may":[54],"be":[55,105,114,137],"quite":[56],"different":[57],"lognormal":[67],"chosen":[69],"as":[70],"our":[71,140,143],"case":[72],"study":[73],"for":[74,94],"robustness":[76],"study.":[77],"Two":[78],"approaches":[79],"used:":[81],"(i)":[82],"by":[83,142],"simulation":[84,90],"(ii)":[86],"numerical":[87,144],"computations.":[88],"Our":[89],"analysis":[91],"indicates":[92],"that":[93],"lognormal,":[97],"bias":[99],"in":[100],"estimating":[101],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03c1</mml:mi></mml:math>":[103],"can":[104,113],"very":[106],"large":[107,120],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c1</mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2260</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>,":[110],"it":[112],"substantially":[115],"reduced":[116],"only":[117],"after":[118],"number":[121],"(three":[122],"four":[124],"million)":[125],"of":[126],"observations.":[127],"This":[128],"phenomenon,":[129],"though":[130],"unexpected":[131],"at":[132],"first,":[133],"was":[134],"found":[135],"consistent":[138],"findings":[141],"analysis.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}