{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046097462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912698000030","title":"Sampling size and efficiency bias in data envelopment analysis","display_name":"Sampling size and efficiency bias in data envelopment analysis","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046097462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912698000030","mag":"2046097462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/s1173912698000030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912698000030","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/618768.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187318915","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1173-9126","issn":["1173-9126","1532-7612"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/618768.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113604597","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Alirezaee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad R. Alirezaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary and Teacher Training University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary and Teacher Training University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030880443","display_name":"Murray Howland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murray Howland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada","University of CALGARY, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of CALGARY, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089364322","display_name":"C. van de Panne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelis van de Panne","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada","University of CALGARY, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of CALGARY, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113604597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19859186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-envelopment-analysis","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","score":0.8525377511978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.5987155437469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5496653914451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5451277494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.506445050239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.49845457077026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48283204436302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency","display_name":"Efficiency","score":0.4250749349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40027379989624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.361955463886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.10104876756668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.053056925535202026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.8525377511978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5987155437469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5496653914451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5451277494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.506445050239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.49845457077026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48283204436302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17648541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265984","display_name":"Efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4250749349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40027379989624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.361955463886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.10104876756668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.053056925535202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/s1173912698000030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912698000030","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/618768.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187318915","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1173-9126","issn":["1173-9126","1532-7612"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.11575/prism/45391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1880/108637","pdf_url":"https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/afe8e28e-54b0-47ef-9d35-dd8543893fb9/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6274f6c018b43299898d22292fb8f40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6274f6c018b43299898d22292fb8f40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 51-64 (1998)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/s1173912698000030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s1173912698000030","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/618768.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187318915","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1173-9126","issn":["1173-9126","1532-7612"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2046097462.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2046097462.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2228164251","https://openalex.org/W4248841288","https://openalex.org/W6601922053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035423388","https://openalex.org/W312923485","https://openalex.org/W2041365066","https://openalex.org/W3117803693","https://openalex.org/W2120745168","https://openalex.org/W2169049974","https://openalex.org/W2043018577","https://openalex.org/W1971975847","https://openalex.org/W2354788275","https://openalex.org/W2154914552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Data":[1],"Envelopment":[2],"Analysis,":[3],"when":[4],"the":[5,13,18,27,38,43,46,64,84,88,117],"number":[6,14,73,118],"of":[7,15,17,40,63,74,77,100,108,119],"decision":[8],"making":[9],"units":[10,16,44],"is":[11,23,30,37,55],"small,":[12],"dominant":[19],"or":[20],"effcient":[21,47],"set":[22,48],"relatively":[24],"large":[25,97],"and":[26,116,121],"average":[28,35],"effciency":[29,36,89],"generally":[31],"high.":[32],"The":[33,91,106],"high":[34],"result":[39],"assuming":[41],"that":[42],"in":[45,60,87],"are":[49,80,93,123],"100%":[50],"effcient.":[51],"If":[52],"this":[53,58],"assumption":[54],"not":[56],"valid,":[57],"results":[59],"an":[61],"overestimation":[62],"efficiencies,":[65],"which":[66],"will":[67],"be":[68],"larger":[69],"for":[70],"a":[71,96],"smaller":[72],"units.":[75],"Samples":[76],"various":[78],"sizes":[79],"used":[81],"to":[82,102,112,114],"find":[83],"related":[85],"bias":[86],"estimation.":[90],"samples":[92],"drawn":[94],"from":[95],"scale":[98,115],"application":[99],"DEA":[101],"bank":[103],"branch":[104],"efficiency.":[105],"effects":[107],"different":[109],"assumptions":[110],"as":[111],"returns":[113],"inputs":[120],"outputs":[122],"investigated.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}