{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161322349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s111086570200046x","title":"Watermark Detection and Extraction Using Independent Component Analysis Method","display_name":"Watermark Detection and Extraction Using Independent Component Analysis Method","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161322349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s111086570200046x","mag":"2161322349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/s111086570200046x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s111086570200046x","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/S111086570200046X","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/S111086570200046X","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109212221","display_name":"Dan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018853653","display_name":"Farook Sattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-3982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farook Sattar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059248438","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kuang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-5709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kuang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109212221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":6.0671,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97095196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2002","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.9213784337043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.7744826078414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.74283367395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6899585723876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6353887915611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5710112452507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5037571787834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.435352623462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4292669892311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41192659735679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3992561399936676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.36872175335884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.327950119972229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.9213784337043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7744826078414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.74283367395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6899585723876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6353887915611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5710112452507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5037571787834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.435352623462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4292669892311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41192659735679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3992561399936676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.36872175335884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.327950119972229}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/s111086570200046x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s111086570200046x","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/S111086570200046X","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47795d362d0b435583f7f59398891ed3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47795d362d0b435583f7f59398891ed3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol 2002, Iss 1, p 523219 (2002)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/s111086570200046x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/s111086570200046x","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/S111086570200046X","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2161322349.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2161322349.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W956326752","https://openalex.org/W1493698890","https://openalex.org/W1510095622","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1839316053","https://openalex.org/W2025835107","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2049287603","https://openalex.org/W2079305280","https://openalex.org/W2083122891","https://openalex.org/W2096789154","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2119647652","https://openalex.org/W2139896607","https://openalex.org/W2147985697","https://openalex.org/W2161322349","https://openalex.org/W2161647295","https://openalex.org/W2162371785","https://openalex.org/W2164053191","https://openalex.org/W2166159048","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2913817822","https://openalex.org/W4299589498","https://openalex.org/W4301253858","https://openalex.org/W6629628876","https://openalex.org/W6677487801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148446898","https://openalex.org/W2019986539","https://openalex.org/W2367449261","https://openalex.org/W2792664837","https://openalex.org/W1673794023","https://openalex.org/W2373608959","https://openalex.org/W2082372908","https://openalex.org/W2367184996","https://openalex.org/W2541250322","https://openalex.org/W2038639984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"image":[5,129],"watermarking":[6],"technique,":[7],"which":[8,53],"adopts":[9],"Independent":[10],"Component":[11,42],"Analysis":[12,43],"(ICA)":[13],"for":[14,70],"watermark":[15,72,85,96,108],"detection":[16,86],"and":[17,79,87,107,110,137,147],"extraction":[18,88,97],"process":[19],"(i.e.,":[20],"dewatermarking).":[21],"Watermark":[22,34],"embedding":[23],"is":[24,54,68,124],"performed":[25],"in":[26],"the":[27,31,40,77,83,100,104,111,121],"spatial":[28],"domain":[29],"of":[30,82,95,114],"original":[32],"image.":[33],"can":[35],"be":[36],"successfully":[37],"detected":[38],"during":[39],"Principle":[41],"(PCA)":[44],"whitening":[45],"stage.":[46],"A":[47],"nonlinear":[48],"robust":[49,125],"batch":[50],"ICA":[51],"algorithm,":[52],"able":[55],"to":[56,126],"efficiently":[57],"extract":[58],"various":[59],"temporally":[60],"correlated":[61],"sources":[62],"from":[63],"their":[64],"observed":[65],"linear":[66],"mixtures,":[67],"used":[69],"blind":[71],"extraction.":[73],"The":[74,93],"evaluations":[75],"illustrate":[76],"validity":[78],"good":[80],"performance":[81],"proposed":[84,122],"scheme":[89],"based":[90],"on":[91,99],"ICA.":[92],"accuracy":[94],"depends":[98],"statistical":[101],"independence":[102],"between":[103],"original,":[105],"key":[106],"images":[109],"temporal":[112],"correlation":[113],"these":[115],"sources.":[116],"Experimental":[117],"results":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"that":[120],"system":[123],"several":[127],"important":[128],"processing":[130],"attacks,":[131],"including":[132],"some":[133],"geometrical":[134],"transformations\u2014scaling,":[135],"cropping":[136],"rotation,":[138],"quantization,":[139],"additive":[140],"noise,":[141],"low":[142],"pass":[143],"filtering,":[144],"multiple":[145],"marks,":[146],"collusion.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
