{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413343110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/que2/5577635","title":"LFQAP2: Large\u2010Scale Quantum Artificial Intelligence Training Platform Based on Supercomputing","display_name":"LFQAP2: Large\u2010Scale Quantum Artificial Intelligence Training Platform Based on Supercomputing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413343110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/que2/5577635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/que2/5577635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/que2/5577635","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/que2/5577635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208943","display_name":"Quantum Engineering","issn_l":"2577-0470","issn":["2577-0470"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/que2/5577635","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327518","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing ,  Tianjin University ,  Tianjin ,  China ,  tju.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-916X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing ,  Tianjin University ,  Tianjin ,  China ,  tju.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116337569","display_name":"Xiaoyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-4705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162809","display_name":"Kashi University","ror":"https://ror.org/055a4rj94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162809"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics and Information Industry Technology of Kash ,  Kash ,  China","School of Information and Software Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-4705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics and Information Industry Technology of Kash ,  Kash ,  China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162809"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066132067","display_name":"L. F. Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianfu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology ,  Southwest Jiaotong University ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  swjtu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-1550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology ,  Southwest Jiaotong University ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  swjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101642381","display_name":"Qinsheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-7447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinsheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-7447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037715125","display_name":"Geng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-0205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-0205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenjie Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3193-0676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3193-0676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029744962","display_name":"Lianhui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5079-1110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianhui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5079-1110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics ,  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ,  Chengdu ,  China ,  uestc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100781300","display_name":"Yuexian Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-493X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuexian Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing ,  Tianjin University ,  Tianjin ,  China ,  tju.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-493X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing ,  Tianjin University ,  Tianjin ,  China ,  tju.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100781300","https://openalex.org/A5116337569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I162868743","https://openalex.org/I4210162809"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10558499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.8664394021034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5695896148681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5329716205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.43983522057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3785104751586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3524320125579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2816484868526459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14451110363006592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.8664394021034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5695896148681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5329716205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.43983522057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3785104751586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3524320125579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2816484868526459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14451110363006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/que2/5577635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/que2/5577635","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/que2/5577635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208943","display_name":"Quantum Engineering","issn_l":"2577-0470","issn":["2577-0470"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/que2/5577635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/que2/5577635","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/que2/5577635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208943","display_name":"Quantum Engineering","issn_l":"2577-0470","issn":["2577-0470"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2474372497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413343110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413343110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072969317","https://openalex.org/W2754727929","https://openalex.org/W2798945316","https://openalex.org/W2800906530","https://openalex.org/W2887511498","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W3090365491","https://openalex.org/W3094993135","https://openalex.org/W3182433019","https://openalex.org/W3198650147","https://openalex.org/W3208078891","https://openalex.org/W3211718387","https://openalex.org/W3215586954","https://openalex.org/W3217431257","https://openalex.org/W4214552167","https://openalex.org/W4320032187","https://openalex.org/W4383868450","https://openalex.org/W4389336379","https://openalex.org/W4402618489","https://openalex.org/W4406262037","https://openalex.org/W4409591606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384867379","https://openalex.org/W4400094300","https://openalex.org/W2329539859","https://openalex.org/W2227905990","https://openalex.org/W2765823764","https://openalex.org/W3214280620","https://openalex.org/W3191490922","https://openalex.org/W1582436825","https://openalex.org/W1996803181","https://openalex.org/W2979588510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(QAI)":[3],"has":[4,21,100],"made":[5],"significant":[6],"progress":[7],"in":[8],"recent":[9],"years.":[10],"However,":[11],"the":[12,68,80,90,117,131,155,179,188,195,203,212,220,230],"lack":[13],"of":[14,92,119,124,165,232],"platforms":[15],"for":[16,43,70,82],"large\u2010scale":[17,45,248],"QAI":[18,46],"models":[19],"training":[20,44,231],"constrained":[22],"research":[23,246],"on":[24,140,162,247],"related":[25],"algorithms,":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"quantum":[29,249],"large":[30],"language":[31,174],"models.":[32,47,250],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36,158],"introduce":[37],"LFQAP2,":[38],"a":[39,51,121,141,233,240],"supercomputing\u2010based":[40],"platform":[41,49,243],"designed":[42],"The":[48],"employs":[50],"hybrid":[52],"parallelization":[53,87],"strategy":[54,88],"that":[55],"integrates":[56,89],"data":[57,63,94],"parallelism":[58,95],"and":[59,96,105,108,138,172,219],"model":[60,75,97,137,235],"parallelism.":[61,98],"For":[62,74,178,202],"parallelism,":[64,76],"different":[65,77],"threads":[66],"compute":[67,79],"loss":[69],"distinct":[71],"sample":[72],"batches.":[73,85],"processes":[78],"gradients":[81],"separate":[83],"parameter":[84],"This":[86],"strengths":[91],"both":[93],"It":[99],"high":[101],"node\u2010internal":[102],"computing":[103,151],"efficiency":[104,191,199,215,224],"excellent":[106],"scalability,":[107],"can":[109],"reduce":[110],"internode":[111],"communication":[112],"overhead,":[113],"limiting":[114],"it":[115],"to":[116,244],"exchange":[118],"only":[120],"small":[122],"number":[123],"floating\u2010point":[125],"values.":[126],"LFQAP2":[127],"is":[128,147,200,225],"implemented":[129],"using":[130],"MPI":[132],"+":[133],"OpenMP":[134],"parallel":[135],"programming":[136],"deployed":[139],"16\u2010node":[142,196,221],"cluster,":[143],"where":[144],"each":[145],"node":[146],"equipped":[148],"with":[149,184,208],"32":[150],"cores.":[152],"To":[153],"assess":[154],"platform\u2019s":[156],"efficiency,":[157],"evaluate":[159],"its":[160],"performance":[161],"two":[163],"types":[164],"tasks:":[166],"image":[167],"recognition":[168],"(MNIST":[169],"dataset":[170],"classification)":[171],"natural":[173],"processing":[175],"(word":[176],"embedding).":[177],"16\u2010qubit":[180],"MNIST":[181],"classification":[182],"task":[183,207],"128":[185],"trainable":[186,210],"parameters,":[187,211],"32\u2010thread":[189,213],"acceleration":[190,198,214,223],"reaches":[192,217],"0.852,":[193],"while":[194],"multiprocess":[197,222],"0.357.":[201],"9\u2010qubit":[204],"word":[205],"embedding":[206],"288":[209],"also":[216],"0.843,":[218],"0.598.":[226],"We":[227],"successfully":[228],"completed":[229],"288\u2010parameter":[234],"within":[236],"23":[237],"min,":[238],"providing":[239],"robust":[241],"computational":[242],"support":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}