{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411346906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/6277690","title":"Survey of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Approaches for Major Depressive Disorder Detection Using EEG Data","display_name":"Survey of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Approaches for Major Depressive Disorder Detection Using EEG Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411346906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/6277690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/6277690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/6277690","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/6277690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/6277690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103031148","display_name":"Sumathi Balakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8721-7112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumathi Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062919173","display_name":"Raja Kumar Murugesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9500-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raja Kumar Murugesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000099249","display_name":"Eng Lye Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3413-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng Lye Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","School of Diploma Studies ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Diploma Studies ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108996480","display_name":"Amna Faisal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amna Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003462581","display_name":"Humaira Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5067-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humaira Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science ,  Faculty of Innovation and Technology ,  Taylor\u2019s University ,  Subang Jaya ,  47500 , Selangor,  Malaysia ,  taylors.edu.my","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062919173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":3.1668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91321049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7300410866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","score":0.6089601516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.568673849105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5619865655899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4734503924846649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39457863569259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3886137306690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3548532724380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.2104070484638214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7300410866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.6089601516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.568673849105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5619865655899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4734503924846649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39457863569259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3886137306690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3548532724380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2104070484638214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/6277690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/6277690","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/6277690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9d21304e820b4d35967398efce4c4126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9d21304e820b4d35967398efce4c4126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/6277690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/6277690","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/6277690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5376460778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIRGS-ILG/1/2024/SCS/001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326417","funder_display_name":"Taylor\u2019s University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326417","display_name":"Taylor\u2019s University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411346906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411346906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W410172207","https://openalex.org/W2521552716","https://openalex.org/W2526864005","https://openalex.org/W2584523198","https://openalex.org/W2606894917","https://openalex.org/W2781670079","https://openalex.org/W2783339817","https://openalex.org/W2788029111","https://openalex.org/W2797694788","https://openalex.org/W2891712045","https://openalex.org/W2917094047","https://openalex.org/W2922329448","https://openalex.org/W2957822178","https://openalex.org/W2963355311","https://openalex.org/W2973194277","https://openalex.org/W3003385856","https://openalex.org/W3003417734","https://openalex.org/W3007627589","https://openalex.org/W3029036868","https://openalex.org/W3038602659","https://openalex.org/W3043456897","https://openalex.org/W3044957499","https://openalex.org/W3082549144","https://openalex.org/W3087001700","https://openalex.org/W3094097183","https://openalex.org/W3105250175","https://openalex.org/W3116201721","https://openalex.org/W3120136139","https://openalex.org/W3121117531","https://openalex.org/W3126085817","https://openalex.org/W3129234057","https://openalex.org/W3131775586","https://openalex.org/W3157219251","https://openalex.org/W3159456745","https://openalex.org/W3160566128","https://openalex.org/W3207856094","https://openalex.org/W3208882172","https://openalex.org/W3208936379","https://openalex.org/W4200029516","https://openalex.org/W4205622176","https://openalex.org/W4220805741","https://openalex.org/W4225581311","https://openalex.org/W4225619919","https://openalex.org/W4226097197","https://openalex.org/W4249154572","https://openalex.org/W4280517209","https://openalex.org/W4284887989","https://openalex.org/W4290838960","https://openalex.org/W4293324529","https://openalex.org/W4302275554","https://openalex.org/W4310837858","https://openalex.org/W4312222040","https://openalex.org/W4312891224","https://openalex.org/W4315652388","https://openalex.org/W4324149073","https://openalex.org/W4366821924","https://openalex.org/W4367163945","https://openalex.org/W4377021644","https://openalex.org/W4377024846","https://openalex.org/W4382769645","https://openalex.org/W4387007580","https://openalex.org/W4388304090","https://openalex.org/W4390948228","https://openalex.org/W4391819009","https://openalex.org/W4392188695","https://openalex.org/W4392667270","https://openalex.org/W4392887552","https://openalex.org/W4393374891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Major":[0],"depressive":[1],"disorder":[2],"(MDD)":[3],"is":[4,25,80],"a":[5,81,133],"common":[6],"mental":[7],"health":[8],"illness":[9],"in":[10,21,44],"which":[11,35],"the":[12,89,126,137,147,156,165,196],"affected":[13],"person":[14],"experiences":[15],"chronic":[16],"sadness":[17],"and":[18,30,38,56,73,91,109,125,152,177,194,198],"loses":[19],"interest":[20],"activities.":[22],"Traditionally,":[23],"MDD":[24,66,77,202],"diagnosed":[26],"using":[27],"clinical":[28],"examinations":[29],"self\u2010report":[31],"questionnaires,":[32],"both":[33],"of":[34,83,93,146,155,168,200],"are":[36],"subjective":[37],"susceptible":[39],"to":[40,190],"error.":[41],"Recent":[42],"advances":[43],"electroencephalogram":[45],"(EEG)":[46],"analysis":[47,85,154,167],"have":[48],"combined":[49],"physiological":[50],"markers":[51],"with":[52],"machine":[53],"learning":[54,58],"(ML)":[55],"deep":[57],"(DL)":[59],"techniques,":[60,122,176],"offering":[61],"objective,":[62],"noninvasive":[63],"alternatives":[64],"for":[65,75,143,160,180],"detection.":[67,203],"Despite":[68],"numerous":[69],"studies":[70,105,142],"leveraging":[71],"ML":[72],"DL":[74],"EEG\u2010based":[76,148,201],"identification,":[78],"there":[79],"lack":[82],"comprehensive":[84,166],"that":[86,135],"critically":[87],"evaluates":[88],"strengths":[90],"limitations":[92],"these":[94],"methods.":[95],"This":[96],"survey":[97,188],"paper":[98,131],"addresses":[99],"this":[100,187],"gap":[101],"by":[102],"analyzing":[103],"31":[104],"published":[106],"between":[107],"2020":[108],"2024,":[110],"focusing":[111],"on":[112,164],"critical":[113,157],"aspects":[114],"such":[115,185],"as":[116],"dataset":[117],"size,":[118],"electrode":[119,172],"configurations,":[120],"preprocessing":[121,175],"feature":[123,178],"engineering,":[124],"ML/DL":[127],"models":[128],"employed.":[129],"The":[130],"presents":[132],"taxonomy":[134],"categorizes":[136],"methods":[138],"used":[139],"across":[140],"various":[141],"each":[144],"step":[145],"depression":[149,162],"detection":[150],"pipeline":[151],"an":[153],"dimensions":[158],"required":[159],"detecting":[161],"based":[163],"dataset,":[169],"suitable":[170],"EEG":[171],"configuration,":[173],"effective":[174],"engineering":[179],"different":[181],"model":[182],"types.":[183],"With":[184],"insights,":[186],"aims":[189],"guide":[191],"future":[192],"research":[193],"improve":[195],"accuracy":[197],"reliability":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
