{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409366679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2807347","title":"Harnessing Deep Learning With AlexNet for Tomato Leaf Disease Detection in the Indian Himalayan Terrain","display_name":"Harnessing Deep Learning With AlexNet for Tomato Leaf Disease Detection in the Indian Himalayan Terrain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409366679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2807347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/2807347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2807347","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2807347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2807347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058879688","display_name":"Ruchika Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133311","display_name":"Shoolini University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe2fg84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruchika Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yogananda School of AI ,  Computers and Data Sciences ,  Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences ,  Solan ,  173229 , Himachal Pradesh,  India ,  shooliniuniversity.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-5386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yogananda School of AI ,  Computers and Data Sciences ,  Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences ,  Solan ,  173229 , Himachal Pradesh,  India ,  shooliniuniversity.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003548007","display_name":"Sameena Naaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0080-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19716509","display_name":"Jamia Hamdard","ror":"https://ror.org/03dwxvb85","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I877107187","display_name":"University of Roehampton","ror":"https://ror.org/043071f54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}],"countries":["GB","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sameena Naaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  University of Roehampton ,  London ,  UK ,  roehampton.ac.uk","Department of Computer Science and Engineering ,  SEST ,  Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi,  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0080-5063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  University of Roehampton ,  London ,  UK ,  roehampton.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering ,  SEST ,  Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi,  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020395498","display_name":"Pankaj Vaidya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-630X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133311","display_name":"Shoolini University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe2fg84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pankaj Vaidya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yogananda School of AI ,  Computers and Data Sciences ,  Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences ,  Solan ,  173229 , Himachal Pradesh,  India ,  shooliniuniversity.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-630X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yogananda School of AI ,  Computers and Data Sciences ,  Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences ,  Solan ,  173229 , Himachal Pradesh,  India ,  shooliniuniversity.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003548007","https://openalex.org/A5058879688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19716509","https://openalex.org/I4210133311","https://openalex.org/I877107187"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":6.1604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95450929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.954800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.778564989566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5654831528663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4963389039039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41390299797058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35035061836242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3428609073162079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33549052476882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2633519768714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2015271782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1829613447189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.10462480783462524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.778564989566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5654831528663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4963389039039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41390299797058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35035061836242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3428609073162079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33549052476882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2633519768714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2015271782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1829613447189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10462480783462524}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/2807347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2807347","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2807347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b38cdea3b3c49b2a12045b00e438920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b38cdea3b3c49b2a12045b00e438920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/2807347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2807347","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2807347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409366679.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409366679.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016718320","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2733343268","https://openalex.org/W2756496713","https://openalex.org/W2765982206","https://openalex.org/W2914858312","https://openalex.org/W2940118123","https://openalex.org/W3004029582","https://openalex.org/W3006450303","https://openalex.org/W3016522735","https://openalex.org/W3022268650","https://openalex.org/W3022746210","https://openalex.org/W3033272228","https://openalex.org/W3047205692","https://openalex.org/W3113103968","https://openalex.org/W3130071898","https://openalex.org/W3134652806","https://openalex.org/W3158906790","https://openalex.org/W3204607189","https://openalex.org/W4221111998","https://openalex.org/W4283778535","https://openalex.org/W4291700888","https://openalex.org/W4293081971","https://openalex.org/W4313581143","https://openalex.org/W4317425876","https://openalex.org/W4380992178","https://openalex.org/W4394910575","https://openalex.org/W4402994936","https://openalex.org/W4403023210","https://openalex.org/W4403359670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399671601","https://openalex.org/W1992962589","https://openalex.org/W3032871857","https://openalex.org/W1743191351","https://openalex.org/W3104633800","https://openalex.org/W2069184433","https://openalex.org/W3023567978","https://openalex.org/W3044778482","https://openalex.org/W2914059119","https://openalex.org/W3040494141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1],"essential":[2],"for":[3,73],"living":[4],"in":[5,44],"the":[6,15,62,85,150,159],"Indian":[7],"Himalayan":[8],"region":[9],"(IHR),":[10],"as":[11,14,98],"it":[12],"functions":[13],"main":[16],"occupation":[17],"and":[18,25,82,107,109,128,152,161,189,197],"source":[19],"of":[20,111,118,139,154,163,174],"income.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"monitoring":[23],"crops":[24],"detecting":[26,74],"diseases":[27,75],"at":[28,78],"early":[29,80],"stages":[30],"becomes":[31],"essential.":[32],"Our":[33],"research":[34],"leverages":[35],"deep":[36],"learning":[37],"(DL),":[38],"a":[39,69,116,137,144,155],"dynamically":[40],"growing":[41],"technology":[42],"proficient":[43],"handling":[45],"large":[46],"datasets.":[47],"In":[48,113,158],"this":[49,114],"work,":[50,115],"convolutional":[51],"neural":[52],"networks":[53],"(CNNs)":[54],"are":[55],"used":[56],"to":[57,83,181,187],"solve":[58],"real\u2010world":[59],"problems":[60],"using":[61],"computer":[63],"vision":[64],"technique.":[65],"This":[66,93],"paper":[67],"proposes":[68],"modified":[70],"AlexNet":[71],"architecture":[72],"through":[76],"images":[77,122],"an":[79,129,172,184],"stage":[81],"increase":[84],"production":[86],"rate":[87],"by":[88],"cultivating":[89],"good":[90],"quality":[91,196],"crops.":[92],"model":[94,170],"combines":[95],"steps":[96],"such":[97],"tomato":[99,120,164],"leaf":[100,121,166],"image":[101,104],"data":[102,105],"collection,":[103],"preprocessing,":[106],"classification":[108,160],"detection":[110,162],"disease.":[112],"total":[117],"5500":[119],"have":[123,133],"been":[124,134],"taken":[125],"from":[126,136],"Kaggle,":[127],"additional":[130],"1650":[131],"photographs":[132],"collected":[135],"variety":[138],"field":[140],"sites,":[141],"thereby":[142],"creating":[143],"comprehensive":[145],"dataset":[146],"that":[147],"will":[148],"facilitate":[149],"development":[151],"assessment":[153],"robust":[156],"model.":[157],"plant":[165],"diseases,":[167],"our":[168],"proposed":[169],"achieves":[171],"accuracy":[173],"94.80%.":[175],"Using":[176],"DL":[177],"technology,":[178],"we":[179],"hope":[180],"give":[182],"farmers":[183],"accurate":[185],"way":[186],"monitor":[188],"protect":[190],"their":[191],"crops,":[192],"ultimately":[193],"enhancing":[194],"agricultural":[195],"output.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}