{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415273971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2806449","title":"OENMOP: Loss\u2010Aware 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094 and 5\u2009\u00d7\u20095 and Scalable Nonblocking Optical Switches Designed for Odd\u2013Even Routing Algorithm for Chip\u2010Scale Interconnection Networks","display_name":"OENMOP: Loss\u2010Aware 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094 and 5\u2009\u00d7\u20095 and Scalable Nonblocking Optical Switches Designed for Odd\u2013Even Routing Algorithm for Chip\u2010Scale Interconnection Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415273971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2806449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/2806449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2806449","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2806449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2806449","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061257232","display_name":"Negin Bagheri Renani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-3896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negin Bagheri Renani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Engineering ,  Najafabad Branch ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Najafabad ,  Iran ,  azad.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-3896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Engineering ,  Najafabad Branch ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Najafabad ,  Iran ,  azad.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015123064","display_name":"Elham Yaghoubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-4130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elham Yaghoubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Engineering ,  Najafabad Branch ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Najafabad ,  Iran ,  azad.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-4130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Engineering ,  Najafabad Branch ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Najafabad ,  Iran ,  azad.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120033424","display_name":"Mina Mohammadirad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Mohammadirad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Engineering ,  Najafabad Branch ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Najafabad ,  Iran ,  azad.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4448-9762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Engineering ,  Najafabad Branch ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Najafabad ,  Iran ,  azad.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015123064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27789688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.7483000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-router","display_name":"Core router","score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multistage-interconnection-networks","display_name":"Multistage interconnection networks","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-burst-switching","display_name":"Optical burst switching","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.35760000348091125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.7483000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86726114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170211","display_name":"Core router","level":3,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776832011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935099","display_name":"Multistage interconnection networks","level":3,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197417287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098837","display_name":"Optical burst switching","level":5,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152174988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092301","display_name":"One-armed router","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26840048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098880","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","level":4,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196129803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241448","display_name":"Optical cross-connect","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777759342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098860","display_name":"Optical interconnect","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123467649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799397","display_name":"Label switching","level":4,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70979049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51831","display_name":"Optical Transport Network","level":5,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/2806449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2806449","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2806449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cd0f090833d41fbb6e4529e15231d8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cd0f090833d41fbb6e4529e15231d8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jece/2806449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jece/2806449","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jece/2806449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415273971.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558865741","https://openalex.org/W1985865237","https://openalex.org/W1996875736","https://openalex.org/W2007999171","https://openalex.org/W2040753013","https://openalex.org/W2050810792","https://openalex.org/W2077851608","https://openalex.org/W2083241261","https://openalex.org/W2097411351","https://openalex.org/W2108082686","https://openalex.org/W2127480844","https://openalex.org/W2134709043","https://openalex.org/W2135296375","https://openalex.org/W2138815241","https://openalex.org/W2142127152","https://openalex.org/W2154015370","https://openalex.org/W2325344320","https://openalex.org/W2345715039","https://openalex.org/W2474659715","https://openalex.org/W2522779269","https://openalex.org/W2524189621","https://openalex.org/W2545630006","https://openalex.org/W2553590257","https://openalex.org/W2683749547","https://openalex.org/W2727065705","https://openalex.org/W2743624892","https://openalex.org/W2789823240","https://openalex.org/W2799586858","https://openalex.org/W2805309409","https://openalex.org/W2897882028","https://openalex.org/W2906380328","https://openalex.org/W3016525252","https://openalex.org/W3141333907","https://openalex.org/W3142044923","https://openalex.org/W3174462406","https://openalex.org/W4389383522","https://openalex.org/W4396855628","https://openalex.org/W4401389025","https://openalex.org/W4409004900"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,118],"this":[1,144],"paper,":[2],"optical":[3,21,50,104,155],"routers":[4,22,35,51,105,124],"play":[5],"an":[6],"indispensable":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,86,128,182],"the":[10,149,158,174,177,183],"ONoCs.":[11],"The":[12,44,140],"4":[13],"\u00d7":[14,17],"4,":[15],"5":[16],"5,":[18],"and":[19,28,46,48,58,102,134],"scalable":[20,49,187,201],"based":[23],"on":[24],"Mach\u2013Zehnder":[25],"interferometer":[26],"(MZI)":[27],"microring":[29],"resonator":[30],"(MRR)":[31],"are":[32,36,52],"proposed.":[33],"These":[34],"designed":[37],"for":[38,61,92,163],"a":[39,62,153,168],"deadlock\u2010free":[40],"Odd\u2013Even":[41,107,186],"turning":[42],"model.":[43],"four\u2010":[45,101],"five\u2010port":[47,103],"extended":[53],"to":[54,199],"improve":[55],"network":[56,112],"performance":[57,84,113,142],"physical\u2010layer":[59],"parameters":[60,85],"broad":[63],"range":[64],"of":[65,88,143,152,160,170,176,179,185],"silicon":[66],"nanophotonic":[67],"multicore":[68],"interconnection":[69,95],"topologies.":[70,96],"Compared":[71],"with":[72,137],"previously":[73],"reported":[74],"router":[75,78,116,145,188],"designs,":[76],"these":[77,123],"designs":[79],"allow":[80],"quantifying":[81],"improved":[82],"system":[83],"terms":[87],"insertion":[89],"loss":[90],"(IL)":[91],"well\u2010known":[93],"photonic":[94],"Simulation":[97],"results":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"that":[100],"utilizing":[106],"MRR":[108,180],"technology":[109],"significantly":[110,196],"enhance":[111],"over":[114],"conventional":[115],"architectures.":[117],"particular,":[119],"within":[120],"mesh":[121],"topologies,":[122],"achieve":[125],"remarkable":[126],"reductions":[127],"IL,":[129],"improving":[130],"by":[131,148],"approximately":[132],"30.22%":[133],"68.40%":[135],"compared":[136,198],"standard":[138],"designs.":[139,203],"routing":[141],"is":[146],"simulated":[147],"successful":[150],"transmission":[151],"20\u2010Gbps":[154],"signal":[156],"at":[157],"wavelength":[159],"1552":[161],"nm":[162],"each":[164],"qualified":[165],"port":[166],"from":[167],"choice":[169],"physical":[171],"paths.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"growth":[175],"number":[178],"used":[181],"structure":[184],"design":[189],"per":[190],"N":[191],"I/O":[192],"ports":[193],"has":[194],"been":[195],"reduced":[197],"previous":[200],"MRR\u2010based":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-17T00:00:00"}