{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163671985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/5513951","title":"Mathematical Modeling of Leptospirosis With Misdiagnosis","display_name":"Mathematical Modeling of Leptospirosis With Misdiagnosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163671985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/5513951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jama/5513951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/5513951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/5513951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117616962","display_name":"Japheth Musingila Mwongela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82889322","display_name":"Catholic University of Eastern Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/02jm1re07","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Japheth Musingila Mwongela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science ,  Catholic University of Eastern Africa ,  Nairobi ,  Kenya , cuea.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4690-8547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science ,  Catholic University of Eastern Africa ,  Nairobi ,  Kenya , cuea.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137961206","display_name":"Caroline Kanyiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82889322","display_name":"Catholic University of Eastern Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/02jm1re07","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Kanyiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science ,  Catholic University of Eastern Africa ,  Nairobi ,  Kenya , cuea.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science ,  Catholic University of Eastern Africa ,  Nairobi ,  Kenya , cuea.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046392036","display_name":"Virginia Kitetu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82889322","display_name":"Catholic University of Eastern Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/02jm1re07","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Kitetu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science ,  Catholic University of Eastern Africa ,  Nairobi ,  Kenya , cuea.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science ,  Catholic University of Eastern Africa ,  Nairobi ,  Kenya , cuea.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117616962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82889322"],"apc_list":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"apc_paid":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88077945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12223","display_name":"Leptospirosis research and findings","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12223","display_name":"Leptospirosis research and findings","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12492","display_name":"Zoonotic diseases and public health","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12232","display_name":"Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.630299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leptospirosis","display_name":"Leptospirosis","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-control","display_name":"Disease control","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-reproduction-number","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-surveillance","display_name":"Disease surveillance","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.630299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778033228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155098","display_name":"Leptospirosis","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.529699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987315675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Disease control","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204264503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901464","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","level":3,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776480101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555250","display_name":"Disease surveillance","level":3,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992243407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Disease transmission","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020794230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804517","display_name":"Bacterial disease","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985496182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Disease prevention","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018877446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421432","display_name":"Disease monitoring","level":3,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018527248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182672","display_name":"Zoonotic disease","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/jama/5513951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/5513951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02ee201e3a094d22ab31b50bf4bf2ba0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02ee201e3a094d22ab31b50bf4bf2ba0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2026 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jama/5513951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jama/5513951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41456174850463867,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031906123","https://openalex.org/W2043411816","https://openalex.org/W2076840424","https://openalex.org/W2154370606","https://openalex.org/W2725216843","https://openalex.org/W2735992838","https://openalex.org/W2794679918","https://openalex.org/W2952577922","https://openalex.org/W2967643485","https://openalex.org/W2971945468","https://openalex.org/W3009758594","https://openalex.org/W3082117970","https://openalex.org/W3106895238","https://openalex.org/W3119360874","https://openalex.org/W3155469425","https://openalex.org/W3161022824","https://openalex.org/W3183569203","https://openalex.org/W3208154767","https://openalex.org/W4205823879","https://openalex.org/W4212860582","https://openalex.org/W4234979168","https://openalex.org/W4249481540","https://openalex.org/W4283068744","https://openalex.org/W4296068976","https://openalex.org/W4296187929","https://openalex.org/W4407146357","https://openalex.org/W4410254271","https://openalex.org/W4410547643","https://openalex.org/W4413099522"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leptospirosis":[0],"is":[1,36,52],"a":[2,11,65,160],"widespread":[3],"zoonotic":[4],"bacterial":[5],"disease":[6,35,57,86,144,195],"that":[7,132,156,167],"continues":[8],"to":[9,71,124,169],"pose":[10],"major":[12],"public":[13,175,207],"health":[14,176,203,208],"challenge,":[15],"particularly":[16],"in":[17,32,163,193],"developing":[18],"countries":[19],"where":[20],"it":[21],"causes":[22],"substantial":[23],"morbidity,":[24],"mortality,":[25],"and":[26,42,59,89,92,101,116,146,166,190,197,206],"economic":[27],"losses.":[28],"A":[29],"key":[30],"problem":[31],"controlling":[33],"the":[34,47,73,78,112,126,139,148,181],"misdiagnosis,":[37],"which":[38],"delays":[39],"appropriate":[40],"treatment":[41,151,192],"facilitates":[43],"continued":[44],"transmission.":[45],"Understanding":[46],"impact":[48],"of":[49,75,81,135,150,183],"diagnostic":[50,157,185],"errors":[51],"therefore":[53],"critical":[54],"for":[55,96,202],"effective":[56,140,199],"management":[58],"policy":[60],"planning.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"study,":[64],"compartmental":[66],"epidemic":[67],"model":[68,84],"was":[69,93,109],"developed":[70],"examine":[72],"effects":[74],"misdiagnosis":[76,90,136],"on":[77],"transmission":[79,196],"dynamics":[80],"leptospirosis.":[82],"The":[83,105,129,178],"incorporates":[85],"progression,":[87],"treatment,":[88],"pathways":[91],"rigorously":[94],"analyzed":[95],"positivity,":[97],"boundedness,":[98],"equilibrium":[99],"points,":[100],"their":[102],"stability":[103],"properties.":[104],"basic":[106],"reproduction":[107,141],"number":[108],"derived":[110],"using":[111,122],"next\u2010generation":[113],"matrix":[114],"approach,":[115],"numerical":[117],"simulations":[118],"were":[119],"carried":[120],"out":[121],"MATLAB":[123],"support":[125],"analytical":[127],"findings.":[128],"results":[130],"show":[131],"increased":[133],"rates":[134],"significantly":[137],"raise":[138],"number,":[142],"accelerate":[143],"spread,":[145],"weaken":[147],"effectiveness":[149],"interventions.":[152],"These":[153],"findings":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"accuracy":[158],"plays":[159],"crucial":[161],"role":[162],"leptospirosis":[164],"control":[165],"failure":[168],"correctly":[170],"diagnose":[171],"cases":[172],"can":[173],"undermine":[174],"efforts.":[177],"study":[179],"underscores":[180],"importance":[182],"improved":[184],"tools,":[186],"enhanced":[187],"clinical":[188],"awareness,":[189],"timely":[191],"reducing":[194],"informing":[198],"intervention":[200],"strategies":[201],"practitioners,":[204],"policymakers,":[205],"organizations.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2026-06-06T00:00:00"}