{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414927475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/9911441","title":"VQ\u2010Rice: Integrating Variational Quantum Models for Intelligent Rice Disease Classification","display_name":"VQ\u2010Rice: Integrating Variational Quantum Models for Intelligent Rice Disease Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414927475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/9911441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/9911441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/9911441","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/9911441","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/9911441","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110267905","display_name":"Daya Shankar Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-340X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162014","display_name":"Indian Institute of Management Ranchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1d6r64","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daya Shankar Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Indian Institute of Information Technology ,  Ranchi ,  835217 , Jharkhand,  India ,  iiita.ac.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Indian Institute of Information Technology ,  Ranchi ,  835217 , Jharkhand,  India ,  iiita.ac.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101517788","display_name":"Jitendra K. Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-4765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162014","display_name":"Indian Institute of Management Ranchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1d6r64","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitendra K. Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,  Indian Institute of Information Technology ,  Ranchi ,  835217 , Jharkhand,  India ,  iiita.ac.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,  Indian Institute of Information Technology ,  Ranchi ,  835217 , Jharkhand,  India ,  iiita.ac.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048603009","display_name":"Ankit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26285277","display_name":"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya","ror":"https://ror.org/05bvxq496","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26285277"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology ,  Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya ,  Bilaspur ,  India ,  ggu.ac.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology ,  Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya ,  Bilaspur ,  India ,  ggu.ac.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26285277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062772547","display_name":"Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-3621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department ,  College of Computer and Information Sciences ,  Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) ,  Riyadh ,  11432 ,  Saudi Arabia ,  imamu.edu.sa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department ,  College of Computer and Information Sciences ,  Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) ,  Riyadh ,  11432 ,  Saudi Arabia ,  imamu.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090634293","display_name":"Shambhu Mahato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-6342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shambhu Mahato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Janajyoti Multiple Campus ,  Tribhuvan University ,  Kirtipur ,  300000 ,  Nepal ,  tribhuvan-university.edu.np"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Janajyoti Multiple Campus ,  Tribhuvan University ,  Kirtipur ,  300000 ,  Nepal ,  tribhuvan-university.edu.np","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090634293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.7541,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74650657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9492999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.3650999963283539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6553000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779094486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18811578","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","level":4,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/9911441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/9911441","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/9911441","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/9911441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/9911441","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/9911441","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414927475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414927475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1990514347","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2735962203","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2790264742","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2796293949","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2888774813","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W3016323062","https://openalex.org/W3100931193","https://openalex.org/W3101122608","https://openalex.org/W3101933006","https://openalex.org/W3121931845","https://openalex.org/W3124778127","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W4205765479","https://openalex.org/W4360855967","https://openalex.org/W4406015258","https://openalex.org/W4406559934","https://openalex.org/W4406656960","https://openalex.org/W4406984073","https://openalex.org/W4408959745","https://openalex.org/W4410497322","https://openalex.org/W4410883662","https://openalex.org/W4411328848","https://openalex.org/W4411507329","https://openalex.org/W4411515472"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,164],"presents":[2],"a":[3,57,166],"novel":[4],"hybrid":[5],"quantum\u2010classical":[6],"framework":[7,72,135],"for":[8,96,145,168,177],"rice":[9,63],"disease":[10,68,97],"diagnosis,":[11],"leveraging":[12],"variational":[13,42],"quantum":[14,39,43,77,86,94,156,183],"circuits":[15,95],"(VQCs)":[16],"to":[17,48,80,125],"address":[18],"the":[19,70,82,114,134,151,175],"limitations":[20],"of":[21,60,117,133,155],"traditional":[22],"and":[23,45,54,76,112,122,127,153,173],"deep":[24],"learning":[25,158],"models":[26],"in":[27,159,180],"precision":[28],"agriculture.":[29],"The":[30,130],"proposed":[31],"Quantum":[32],"Variational":[33],"Rice":[34],"Disease":[35],"Network":[36],"(QVRDN)":[37],"integrates":[38],"feature":[40],"encoding,":[41],"processing,":[44],"adaptive":[46],"optimization":[47],"achieve":[49],"superior":[50],"classification":[51],"accuracy,":[52],"efficiency,":[53],"robustness.":[55],"Using":[56],"curated":[58],"dataset":[59],"3000":[61],"annotated":[62],"leaf":[64],"images":[65],"spanning":[66],"major":[67],"categories,":[69],"QVRDN":[71,103],"applies":[73],"dimensionality":[74],"reduction":[75],"angle":[78],"encoding":[79],"transform":[81],"image":[83],"features":[84],"into":[85],"states,":[87],"which":[88],"are":[89],"then":[90],"processed":[91],"by":[92],"parameterized":[93],"classification.":[98],"Experimental":[99],"results":[100],"demonstrate":[101],"that":[102],"outperforms":[104],"classical":[105],"models,":[106],"including":[107],"SVM,":[108],"random":[109],"forest,":[110],"CNN,":[111],"ResNet50\u2010achieving,":[113],"highest":[115],"accuracy":[116],"97.8%,":[118],"faster":[119],"inference":[120],"times,":[121],"greater":[123],"resilience":[124],"noise":[126],"limited":[128],"data.":[129],"compact":[131],"design":[132],"enables":[136],"edge":[137],"deployment":[138],"without":[139],"GPU":[140],"dependency,":[141],"making":[142],"it":[143],"suitable":[144],"resource\u2010constrained":[146],"agricultural":[147,171],"environments.":[148],"By":[149],"demonstrating":[150],"feasibility":[152],"advantages":[154],"machine":[157],"crop":[160],"health":[161],"monitoring,":[162],"this":[163],"establishes":[165],"foundation":[167],"quantum\u2010enhanced,":[169],"data\u2010efficient":[170],"diagnostics":[172],"paves":[174],"way":[176],"future":[178],"advances":[179],"intelligent,":[181],"field\u2010ready":[182],"geoinformatics":[184],"systems.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
