{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416734379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/7401168","title":"DUAL: A Dual\u2010Stage Approach for Facial Expression Recognition Based on Contrastive Learning","display_name":"DUAL: A Dual\u2010Stage Approach for Facial Expression Recognition Based on Contrastive Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416734379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/7401168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/7401168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/7401168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/7401168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/7401168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111246219","display_name":"A. Changhao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6422-9010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anting Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153","https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041125908","display_name":"Xingxing Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7713-3520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingxing Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153","https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Longfei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9303-2190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longfei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153","https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119228","display_name":"Huiyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-9840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematical Science ,  University of Leicester ,  Leicester ,  UK ,  le.ac.uk"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematical Science ,  University of Leicester ,  Leicester ,  UK ,  le.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043943469","display_name":"Wei Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7516-1699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering ,  Lanzhou University ,  Lanzhou ,  730000 , Gansu,  China ,  lzu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041125908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506","https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38056469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.715499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104709138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671540","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/7401168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/7401168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/7401168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30311248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/7401168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/7401168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/7401168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7774778422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62462053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416734379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416734379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2217426128","https://openalex.org/W2481681431","https://openalex.org/W2508865106","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2617750261","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3003720578","https://openalex.org/W3005923642","https://openalex.org/W3035336958","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3089911443","https://openalex.org/W3118530108","https://openalex.org/W3145166545","https://openalex.org/W3163598089","https://openalex.org/W3179103990","https://openalex.org/W3184571633","https://openalex.org/W3193719728","https://openalex.org/W3195286673","https://openalex.org/W4312465353","https://openalex.org/W4312823769","https://openalex.org/W4312875121","https://openalex.org/W4322773413","https://openalex.org/W4363676998","https://openalex.org/W4376278471","https://openalex.org/W4385573172","https://openalex.org/W4390190649","https://openalex.org/W4390871994","https://openalex.org/W4390873629","https://openalex.org/W4393639583","https://openalex.org/W4402716216","https://openalex.org/W4402917254"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1],"recognition":[2,19],"(FER)":[3],"remains":[4],"a":[5,45,83],"challenging":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8,17,151,162],"computer":[9],"vision.":[10],"Recent":[11],"works":[12],"have":[13],"shown":[14],"excellent":[15],"performance":[16],"overall":[18],"accuracy,":[20],"but":[21],"its":[22,166],"accuracy":[23,160],"significantly":[24],"decreases":[25],"when":[26],"recognizing":[27,134],"similar":[28],"expressions.":[29,135],"This":[30,70,122],"is":[31,71],"due":[32],"to":[33,93,104,126],"interclass":[34],"homogeneity":[35],"and":[36,97],"intraclass":[37],"heterogeneity.":[38],"To":[39],"address":[40],"these":[41],"issues,":[42],"we":[43,56,81],"propose":[44],"novel":[46],"dual\u2010stage":[47],"network":[48,85],"called":[49],"DUAL,":[50],"inspired":[51],"by":[52,73],"contrastive":[53],"learning.":[54],"First,":[55],"increase":[57],"the":[58,65,124,156],"distance":[59,66],"between":[60,67],"negative":[61],"samples":[62],"while":[63],"reducing":[64],"positive":[68],"ones.":[69],"achieved":[72],"dynamically":[74],"updating":[75],"pairs":[76],"of":[77,153],"comparison":[78],"samples.":[79],"Second,":[80],"introduce":[82],"two\u2010stage":[84],"architecture.":[86],"The":[87,111,143],"first":[88],"stage":[89,113],"uses":[90],"two":[91],"branches":[92,102],"extract":[94],"image":[95],"features":[96,107,117],"facial":[98,128],"keypoint":[99],"features.":[100],"These":[101],"interact":[103],"learn":[105],"coarse\u2010grained":[106],"through":[108],"mutual":[109],"guidance.":[110],"second":[112],"focuses":[114],"on":[115,140],"fine\u2010grained":[116],"using":[118],"scale\u2010specific":[119],"residual":[120],"blocks.":[121],"allows":[123],"model":[125,157],"identify":[127],"regions":[129],"that":[130,146],"are":[131],"critical":[132],"for":[133],"We":[136],"conducted":[137],"extensive":[138],"experiments":[139],"multiple":[141],"datasets.":[142],"results":[144],"show":[145],"DUAL":[147],"surpasses":[148],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[149],"models":[150],"items":[152],"performance.":[154],"Additionally,":[155],"shows":[158],"high":[159],"even":[161],"noisy":[163],"conditions,":[164],"highlighting":[165],"robustness.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
