{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408154903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/6674913","title":"GANSCCS: Synergizing Generative Adversarial Networks and Spectral Clustering for Enhanced MRI Resolution in the Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis","display_name":"GANSCCS: Synergizing Generative Adversarial Networks and Spectral Clustering for Enhanced MRI Resolution in the Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408154903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/6674913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/6674913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/6674913","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/6674913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/6674913","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104011984","display_name":"Robin Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Lovely Professional University ,  Phagwara , Punjab,  India ,  lpu.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Lovely Professional University ,  Phagwara , Punjab,  India ,  lpu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947522","display_name":"Dalwinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-0167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalwinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Lovely Professional University ,  Phagwara , Punjab,  India ,  lpu.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Lovely Professional University ,  Phagwara , Punjab,  India ,  lpu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109434750","display_name":"Rahul Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Galgotias University ,  Dankaur , Uttar Pradesh,  India ,  galgotiasuniversity.edu.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Galgotias University ,  Dankaur , Uttar Pradesh,  India ,  galgotiasuniversity.edu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006189884","display_name":"Isha Batra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isha Batra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Lovely Professional University ,  Phagwara , Punjab,  India ,  lpu.in"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering ,  Lovely Professional University ,  Phagwara , Punjab,  India ,  lpu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027472030","display_name":"Mamoona Humayun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I877107187","display_name":"University of Roehampton","ror":"https://ror.org/043071f54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoona Humayun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing ,  School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences ,  University of Roehampton ,  London ,  SW15 5PJ ,  UK ,  roehampton.ac.uk"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing ,  School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences ,  University of Roehampton ,  London ,  SW15 5PJ ,  UK ,  roehampton.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070343465","display_name":"Javed Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javed Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  School of Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science ,  University of Hertfordshire ,  Hatfield ,  AL10 9AB ,  UK ,  herts.ac.uk"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  School of Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science ,  University of Hertfordshire ,  Hatfield ,  AL10 9AB ,  UK ,  herts.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070343465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03804341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6698745489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6673293113708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6560673713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spondylosis","display_name":"Cervical spondylosis","score":0.6488412618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6152838468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5472762584686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-clustering","display_name":"Spectral clustering","score":0.4923754930496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.48900923132896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4048413038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3211272656917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2304663360118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.07476949691772461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6698745489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6673293113708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6560673713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097028","display_name":"Cervical spondylosis","level":3,"score":0.6488412618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6152838468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5472762584686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105611402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976589","display_name":"Spectral clustering","level":3,"score":0.4923754930496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.48900923132896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4048413038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3211272656917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2304663360118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07476949691772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/6674913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/6674913","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/6674913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/int/6674913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/int/6674913","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/int/6674913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408154903.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408154903.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964315797","https://openalex.org/W2042772149","https://openalex.org/W2339754110","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2617128058","https://openalex.org/W2617369603","https://openalex.org/W2778924750","https://openalex.org/W2789588857","https://openalex.org/W2807888536","https://openalex.org/W2890139949","https://openalex.org/W2949426913","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2964253475","https://openalex.org/W2964297772","https://openalex.org/W2971013993","https://openalex.org/W3025404316","https://openalex.org/W3047625747","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3105747145","https://openalex.org/W3123823766","https://openalex.org/W3138115737","https://openalex.org/W3143370471","https://openalex.org/W3144203812","https://openalex.org/W3166632386","https://openalex.org/W3167850199","https://openalex.org/W3203250115","https://openalex.org/W3208309670","https://openalex.org/W3215989766","https://openalex.org/W4205419720","https://openalex.org/W4226180430","https://openalex.org/W4280536307","https://openalex.org/W4283259215","https://openalex.org/W4293235560","https://openalex.org/W4300862066","https://openalex.org/W4313826595","https://openalex.org/W4318219004","https://openalex.org/W4319430412","https://openalex.org/W4320493427","https://openalex.org/W4321372010","https://openalex.org/W4323925590","https://openalex.org/W4363650995","https://openalex.org/W4384822232","https://openalex.org/W4385380142","https://openalex.org/W4385759752","https://openalex.org/W4387874189","https://openalex.org/W4387902582","https://openalex.org/W4394910760","https://openalex.org/W4398834558","https://openalex.org/W4401070309","https://openalex.org/W4401537518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361727654","https://openalex.org/W2347498552","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2359222460","https://openalex.org/W2382801132","https://openalex.org/W2380540775","https://openalex.org/W2377714513","https://openalex.org/W2393062229","https://openalex.org/W2379228004","https://openalex.org/W2394148944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92,187,201,236],"expeditious":[1],"improvement":[2,23,212],"in":[3,10,24,30,106,110,209,213,228,247,283,286],"medical":[4,120,284],"imaging":[5,285],"technology":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"crucial":[9],"diagnosing":[11,251],"various":[12,279],"conditions":[13],"like":[14],"cervical":[15,184,254],"spondylosis.":[16,255],"However,":[17],"there":[18,53],"is":[19,54,95,116,159,241],"a":[20,55,74,125,136,144,152,177,225,244],"need":[21,56],"for":[22,57,60,119],"terms":[25],"of":[26,41,50,64,89,102,112,124,135,146,170,183,238,250,253],"accuracy":[27],"and":[28,48,80,148,151,180,199,224,261],"efficiency":[29],"the":[31,46,61,65,86,98,107,140,156,168,171,232,248,287],"existing":[32,42,233],"models":[33,43],"to":[34,176,231,270],"obtain":[35],"optimal":[36],"diagnostic":[37,264],"results.":[38],"This":[39,114,163],"limitation":[40],"particularly":[44],"hampers":[45],"resolution":[47,260],"clarity":[49],"MRI":[51,141,157],"where":[52],"finer":[58],"details":[59],"accurate":[62,181,273],"diagnoses":[63],"problem.":[66],"To":[67],"limit":[68],"this":[69,239,266],"gap,":[70],"our":[71],"research":[72,84],"represents":[73],"pioneering":[75],"approach":[76,164],"that":[77,138,281],"merges":[78],"GAN":[79,93,115,133],"spectral":[81,103],"clustering.":[82],"Our":[83],"shows":[85],"innovative":[87],"amalgamation":[88],"two":[90],"technologies.":[91],"model":[94],"enhanced":[96],"by":[97],"sturdy":[99],"segmentation":[100],"abilities":[101],"clustering,":[104],"resulting":[105],"significant":[108],"betterment":[109],"diagnosis":[111,182],"problems.":[113],"specifically":[117],"designed":[118],"imaging;":[121],"it":[122],"consists":[123,134],"deep":[126],"convolutional":[127,147],"network":[128],"based":[129],"on":[130,192],"U\u2010Net":[131],"architecture.":[132],"generator":[137],"generates":[139],"image":[142,158,172,259],"through":[143],"series":[145],"deconvolutional":[149],"layers,":[150],"discriminator":[153],"checks":[154],"whether":[155],"real":[160],"or":[161],"generated.":[162],"not":[165],"only":[166],"improves":[167],"quality":[169],"but":[173],"also":[174],"leads":[175],"more":[178,272],"brisk":[179],"spine":[185],"deformities.":[186],"methodology":[188],"was":[189],"meticulously":[190],"tested":[191],"diverse":[193],"datasets,":[194],"including":[195],"Medscape,":[196],"RSNA":[197],"2022,":[198],"CTSpine1k.":[200],"results":[202],"were":[203],"remarkable,":[204],"showing":[205],"an":[206],"8.3%":[207],"increase":[208],"accuracy,":[210],"5.5%":[211],"precision,":[214],"8.5%":[215],"higher":[216],"recall,":[217],"3.5%":[218],"greater":[219],"AUC,":[220],"4.9%":[221],"increased":[222],"specificity,":[223],"1.9%":[226],"reduction":[227],"delay":[229],"compared":[230],"classification":[234],"methods.":[235],"influence":[237],"work":[240],"profound,":[242],"providing":[243,257],"consideration":[245],"spike":[246],"capability":[249],"problems":[252],"By":[256],"improved":[258],"highly":[262],"precise":[263],"tools,":[265],"advancement":[267],"helps":[268],"clinicians":[269],"make":[271],"decisions":[274],"as":[275,277],"well":[276],"provides":[278],"innovations":[280],"help":[282],"future.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T06:41:57.775601","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}