{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413242836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","title":"Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Analysis in a Three\u2010Step Exothermic Chemical Reaction: Case Study\u2014Methane Combustion","display_name":"Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Analysis in a Three\u2010Step Exothermic Chemical Reaction: Case Study\u2014Methane Combustion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413242836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijmm/7611717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijmm/7611717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151851439","display_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences","issn_l":"0161-1712","issn":["0161-1712","1687-0425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018584313","display_name":"Ramoshweu Solomon Lebelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129615261","display_name":"Vaal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ey7mm31","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129615261"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ramoshweu Solomon Lebelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physical Sciences ,  Vaal University of Technology ,  Vanderbijlpark ,  South Africa ,  vut.ac.za"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-1569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences ,  Vaal University of Technology ,  Vanderbijlpark ,  South Africa ,  vut.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129615261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037962292","display_name":"Tranos Zuva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129615261","display_name":"Vaal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ey7mm31","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129615261"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tranos Zuva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences ,  Vaal University of Technology ,  Vanderbijlpark ,  South Africa ,  vut.ac.za"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-3899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences ,  Vaal University of Technology ,  Vanderbijlpark ,  South Africa ,  vut.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129615261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018584313"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129615261"],"apc_list":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"apc_paid":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17789503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exothermic-reaction","display_name":"Exothermic reaction","score":0.9382445812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.7451309561729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane","display_name":"Methane","score":0.6454510688781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.6021230220794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.5916817784309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.5776214599609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-heat-transfer","display_name":"Convective heat transfer","score":0.5138959884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-reaction","display_name":"Chemical reaction","score":0.5088469982147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convection","display_name":"Convection","score":0.46074190735816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4225858449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-radiation","display_name":"Thermal radiation","score":0.41917097568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.40594977140426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry","display_name":"Physical chemistry","score":0.12761014699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10097196698188782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45119746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205949","display_name":"Exothermic reaction","level":2,"score":0.9382445812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.7451309561729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.6454510688781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6021230220794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.5916817784309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5776214599609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41231900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918227","display_name":"Convective heat transfer","level":3,"score":0.5138959884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177801218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Chemical reaction","level":2,"score":0.5088469982147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.46074190735816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4225858449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89394759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal radiation","level":2,"score":0.41917097568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.40594977140426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.12761014699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10097196698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijmm/7611717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151851439","display_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences","issn_l":"0161-1712","issn":["0161-1712","1687-0425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8d2c0eeb2e454e02a4a45a376dff5c11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8d2c0eeb2e454e02a4a45a376dff5c11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijmm/7611717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijmm/7611717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151851439","display_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences","issn_l":"0161-1712","issn":["0161-1712","1687-0425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327864","display_name":"Vaal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ey7mm31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413242836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413242836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984967815","https://openalex.org/W2058522703","https://openalex.org/W2068177369","https://openalex.org/W2087470187","https://openalex.org/W2106613419","https://openalex.org/W2147131476","https://openalex.org/W2499461527","https://openalex.org/W2738573711","https://openalex.org/W2805815503","https://openalex.org/W2999705111","https://openalex.org/W3119509885","https://openalex.org/W3136994437","https://openalex.org/W3143162031","https://openalex.org/W3146876949","https://openalex.org/W3153448983","https://openalex.org/W4249517526","https://openalex.org/W4251092898","https://openalex.org/W4307292243","https://openalex.org/W4317662080","https://openalex.org/W4388681926","https://openalex.org/W4394894630","https://openalex.org/W4401863204","https://openalex.org/W4404969071","https://openalex.org/W4405653117","https://openalex.org/W4405734235","https://openalex.org/W4407001763","https://openalex.org/W6639359581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W804937067","https://openalex.org/W780484279","https://openalex.org/W1440409193","https://openalex.org/W3023505659","https://openalex.org/W1572555138","https://openalex.org/W2000283064","https://openalex.org/W2064997107","https://openalex.org/W4294322498","https://openalex.org/W36177637","https://openalex.org/W1994526042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analysis":[1,71],"of":[2,98],"a":[3,14,19,46],"three\u2010step":[4,10],"combustion":[5,48,74,152],"process,":[6],"analogous":[7],"to":[8,32,37,106,133,137,160,164],"the":[9,33,55,61,65,82,90,94,109,129,138,143,151,156,165],"methane":[11,73],"combustion,":[12],"in":[13,18,45],"reactive":[15],"stockpile":[16],"modeled":[17],"rectangular":[20],"domain,":[21],"is":[22,35,57,75,100],"considered,":[23],"assuming":[24],"an":[25],"exothermic":[26,130,157],"chemical":[27,131,158],"reaction":[28,132,147,159],"process.":[29,49,95],"Heat":[30,69],"loss":[31],"environment":[34],"assumed":[36],"take":[38],"place":[39],"by":[40,60,77,102,154],"convective":[41],"and":[42,85,122,146],"radiative":[43],"means":[44],"steady\u2010state":[47],"The":[50,96,114],"nonlinear":[51],"energy":[52],"equation":[53,84],"governing":[54,83],"problem":[56],"solved":[58],"numerically":[59],"coupled":[62],"Runge\u2013Kutta\u2013Fehlberg":[63],"with":[64],"Shooting":[66],"technique":[67],"method.":[68],"transfer":[70],"during":[72,93],"investigated":[76],"manipulating":[78],"parameters":[79,99,118,149],"embedded":[80],"within":[81],"studying":[86],"their":[87,104],"influence":[88],"on":[89],"temperature":[91,110],"profiles":[92,111],"manipulation":[97],"done":[101],"varying":[103],"magnitudes":[105],"observe":[107],"how":[108],"are":[112],"affected.":[113],"results":[115],"indicate":[116],"that":[117],"such":[119],"as":[120],"radiation":[121],"activation":[123],"energy,":[124],"for":[125],"example,":[126],"slow":[127],"down":[128],"reduce":[134],"heat":[135,163],"release":[136,161],"surrounding":[139,166],"environment.":[140,167],"In":[141],"contrast,":[142],"kinetic":[144],"type":[145],"rate":[148],"enhance":[150],"process":[153],"accelerating":[155],"more":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}