{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7141149349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/9924424","title":"A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer Using Ultrasound and MRI Images on a Secure Cloud Platform","display_name":"A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer Using Ultrasound and MRI Images on a Secure Cloud Platform","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7141149349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/9924424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/cplx/9924424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/9924424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/9924424","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039191048","display_name":"Umesh Kumar Lilhore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-3773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umesh Kumar Lilhore","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science and Engineering ,  Galgotias University ,  Greater Noida ,  203201 , Uttar Pradesh,  India ,  galgotiasuniversity.edu.in"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-3773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science and Engineering ,  Galgotias University ,  Greater Noida ,  203201 , Uttar Pradesh,  India ,  galgotiasuniversity.edu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130753893","display_name":"Vanusha D.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanusha D.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Technologies ,  SRM Institute of Science and Technology ,  Chennai ,  603203 , Tamil Nadu,  India ,  srmist.edu.in"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Technologies ,  SRM Institute of Science and Technology ,  Chennai ,  603203 , Tamil Nadu,  India ,  srmist.edu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130748029","display_name":"Srilatha Gundapaneni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20107917","display_name":"Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0108gdg43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20107917"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srilatha Gundapaneni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,  Ramachandra College of Engineering ,  Eluru ,  534007 , Andhra Pradesh,  India ,  rcee.ac.in"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,  Ramachandra College of Engineering ,  Eluru ,  534007 , Andhra Pradesh,  India ,  rcee.ac.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20107917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116171879","display_name":"Anto Lourdu Xavier Raj Arockia Selvarathinam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8606887","display_name":"Grand Valley State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001m1hv61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anto Lourdu Xavier Raj Arockia Selvarathinam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Analytics ,  College of Computing ,  Grand Valley State University ,  Allendale , Michigan,  USA ,  gvsu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Analytics ,  College of Computing ,  Grand Valley State University ,  Allendale , Michigan,  USA ,  gvsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117702539","display_name":"Rasmi A","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmi A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Engineering ,  RR Institute of Technology ,  Bangalore , Karnataka,  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-6783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Engineering ,  RR Institute of Technology ,  Bangalore , Karnataka,  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011694017","display_name":"Sarita Simaiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-8496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarita Simaiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Applications & Technology ,  Galgotias University ,  Greater Noida , Uttar Pradesh,  India ,  galgotiasuniversity.edu.in"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-8496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Applications & Technology ,  Galgotias University ,  Greater Noida , Uttar Pradesh,  India ,  galgotiasuniversity.edu.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121089746","display_name":"Lidia Gosy Tekeste","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86539363","display_name":"University of Asmara","ror":"https://ror.org/035rzdj42","country_code":"ER","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}],"countries":["ER"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lidia Gosy Tekeste","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Scholar at Eritrea Institute of Technology ,  Mai-Nefhi College ,  Himbrti , Mai Nefhi,  Eritrea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8904-9710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Scholar at Eritrea Institute of Technology ,  Mai-Nefhi College ,  Himbrti , Mai Nefhi,  Eritrea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108814245","display_name":"Ehab Seif Ghith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab Seif Ghith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Ain Shams University ,  Cairo ,  11566 ,  Egypt ,  asu.edu.eg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-9867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Ain Shams University ,  Cairo ,  11566 ,  Egypt ,  asu.edu.eg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040941339","display_name":"Heba G. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0443-1049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba G. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering ,  College of Engineering ,  Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428,  Riyadh ,  11671 ,  Saudi Arabia ,  pnu.edu.sa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering ,  College of Engineering ,  Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428,  Riyadh ,  11671 ,  Saudi Arabia ,  pnu.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121089746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86539363"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67593324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.48809999227523804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.48809999227523804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10550","display_name":"Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.05860000103712082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.3407000005245209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8023999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780427987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172341","display_name":"Ovarian cancer","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/cplx/9924424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/9924424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/cplx/9924424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/9924424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4965411424636841},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4503103494644165}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G463241195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2026R140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184817790","https://openalex.org/W4280531024","https://openalex.org/W4281640259","https://openalex.org/W4294988580","https://openalex.org/W4296116547","https://openalex.org/W4328122024","https://openalex.org/W4378515727","https://openalex.org/W4385421895","https://openalex.org/W4386327995","https://openalex.org/W4386392576","https://openalex.org/W4391030643","https://openalex.org/W4399260416","https://openalex.org/W4400994991","https://openalex.org/W4401070131","https://openalex.org/W4403431660","https://openalex.org/W4407239810","https://openalex.org/W4408029788","https://openalex.org/W4408243842","https://openalex.org/W4408329652","https://openalex.org/W4408521752","https://openalex.org/W4409187950","https://openalex.org/W4409272854","https://openalex.org/W4410086744","https://openalex.org/W4410312990","https://openalex.org/W4411140486","https://openalex.org/W4411584009","https://openalex.org/W4411848152","https://openalex.org/W4412849233","https://openalex.org/W4414083366","https://openalex.org/W4415364210","https://openalex.org/W4416959415","https://openalex.org/W4417220202","https://openalex.org/W7109694212","https://openalex.org/W7119505472","https://openalex.org/W7123345366","https://openalex.org/W7124758249"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ovarian":[0],"cancer":[1,49,170,286],"continues":[2],"to":[3,29,133,159,257,279],"pose":[4],"a":[5,35,59,75,126],"major":[6],"diagnostic":[7,152],"challenge,":[8,31],"as":[9,203,291],"early\u2010stage":[10,284],"disease":[11],"often":[12],"presents":[13],"with":[14,150],"subtle":[15],"and":[16,45,52,70,85,93,137,179,182,229,251,275,295],"heterogeneous":[17,236],"imaging":[18,103],"characteristics":[19],"that":[20,80,148,268],"limit":[21],"the":[22,42,110,157,172,211,269],"effectiveness":[23],"of":[24,47,91],"single\u2010modality":[25],"analysis.":[26],"In":[27,124],"response":[28],"this":[30,32],"study":[33],"proposes":[34],"novel":[36],"hybrid":[37],"deep":[38],"learning":[39,78,129],"framework":[40,65,111,173,218,271],"for":[41,56,213,242],"early":[43],"detection":[44,274],"classification":[46,276],"ovarian":[48,285],"using":[50,200],"ultrasound":[51],"MRI":[53],"imaging,":[54],"designed":[55],"deployment":[57],"on":[58,107,221],"secure":[60,252],"cloud\u2010based":[61,263],"platform.":[62],"The":[63,217],"proposed":[64,270],"departs":[66],"from":[67,164],"conventional":[68],"convolutional":[69],"attention\u2010driven":[71],"models":[72],"by":[73],"introducing":[74],"capsule\u2010based":[76],"representation":[77],"strategy":[79],"explicitly":[81],"encodes":[82],"lesion":[83,142],"morphology":[84],"spatial":[86,136],"hierarchies,":[87],"enabling":[88,206],"robust":[89],"characterization":[90],"small":[92],"irregular":[94],"tumor":[95],"structures.":[96],"To":[97,191,239],"capture":[98],"global":[99],"contextual":[100],"relationships":[101,139],"across":[102,235],"regions":[104,143],"without":[105,210],"reliance":[106],"self\u2010attention":[108],"mechanisms,":[109],"integrates":[112],"an":[113,246,292],"attention\u2010free":[114],"token\u2010mixing":[115],"architecture,":[116],"facilitating":[117],"efficient":[118],"long\u2010range":[119],"interaction":[120],"while":[121],"maintaining":[122],"scalability.":[123],"addition,":[125],"hypergraph\u2010based":[127],"relational":[128],"module":[130,254],"is":[131,198,219,255],"employed":[132],"model":[134,158],"higher\u2010order":[135],"radiomic":[138],"among":[140],"multiple":[141,222],"simultaneously,":[144],"providing":[145],"lesion\u2010centric":[146],"reasoning":[147],"aligns":[149],"clinical":[151,244],"practices.":[153],"This":[154],"combination":[155],"allows":[156],"effectively":[160],"distinguish":[161],"malignant":[162,180,185],"patterns":[163],"benign":[165,178],"anatomical":[166],"variations.":[167],"Beyond":[168],"binary":[169],"detection,":[171],"supports":[174],"hierarchical":[175],"classification,":[176],"separating":[177],"cases":[181],"further":[183],"categorizing":[184],"tumors":[186],"into":[187],"clinically":[188,296],"meaningful":[189],"subtypes.":[190],"enhance":[192],"fine\u2010grained":[193],"discrimination,":[194],"pathology\u2010guided":[195],"semantic":[196],"alignment":[197],"incorporated":[199],"histopathological":[201],"knowledge":[202,208],"auxiliary":[204],"supervision,":[205],"cross\u2010modal":[207],"transfer":[209],"need":[212],"paired":[214],"imaging\u2013pathology":[215],"data.":[216],"evaluated":[220],"publicly":[223],"available":[224],"datasets":[225],"covering":[226],"ultrasound,":[227],"MRI/CT,":[228],"histopathology":[230],"modalities,":[231],"demonstrating":[232],"consistent":[233],"performance":[234,277],"data":[237,261],"sources.":[238],"ensure":[240],"suitability":[241],"real\u2010world":[243],"use,":[245],"advanced":[247],"chaos\u2010based":[248],"image":[249],"encryption":[250],"transmission":[253],"integrated":[256],"protect":[258],"sensitive":[259],"medical":[260],"during":[262],"processing.":[264],"Experimental":[265],"results":[266],"indicate":[267],"achieves":[272],"superior":[273],"compared":[278],"existing":[280],"approaches,":[281],"particularly":[282],"in":[283],"cases,":[287],"underscoring":[288],"its":[289],"potential":[290],"accurate,":[293],"interpretable,":[294],"deployable":[297],"decision\u2010support":[298],"system.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T06:16:51.555046","created_date":"2026-03-28T00:00:00"}