{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408847708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388","title":"System Complexity Versus Environmental Sustainability: Theory and Policy","display_name":"System Complexity Versus Environmental Sustainability: Theory and Policy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408847708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/cplx/1213388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/cplx/1213388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/cplx/1213388","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074764733","display_name":"Robert U. Ayres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-7280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102272798","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghzk478","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert U. Ayres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emeritus of Economics, Political Science, and Technology Management ,  INSEAD ,  Fontainebleau ,  77305 ,  France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-7280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emeritus of Economics, Political Science, and Technology Management ,  INSEAD ,  Fontainebleau ,  77305 ,  France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075929639","display_name":"Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-3083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I911458345","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/00q6h8f30","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833","https://openalex.org/I911458345"]}],"countries":["ES","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen van den Bergh","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICREA ,  Barcelona ,  Spain","Institute of Environmental Science and Technology ,  Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona ,  Bellaterra ,  Spain , uab.cat","School of Business and Economics & Institute for Environmental Studies ,  VU University Amsterdam ,  Amsterdam ,  Netherlands , vu.nl"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-3083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA ,  Barcelona ,  Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Science and Technology ,  Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona ,  Bellaterra ,  Spain , uab.cat","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics & Institute for Environmental Studies ,  VU University Amsterdam ,  Amsterdam ,  Netherlands , vu.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315","https://openalex.org/I911458345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010005419","display_name":"Gara Villalba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-0902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gara Villalba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering ,  Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona ,  Bellaterra ,  Spain , uab.cat","Institute of Environmental Science and Technology ,  Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona ,  Bellaterra ,  Spain , uab.cat"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-0902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering ,  Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona ,  Bellaterra ,  Spain , uab.cat","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Science and Technology ,  Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona ,  Bellaterra ,  Spain , uab.cat","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075929639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220","https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I865915315","https://openalex.org/I911458345"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":4.3747,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9350114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.7376805543899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"Environmental policy","score":0.5823674201965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3784158229827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.30207210779190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.29466712474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09695309400558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09481412172317505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.7376805543899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919526","display_name":"Environmental policy","level":2,"score":0.5823674201965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3784158229827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.30207210779190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.29466712474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09695309400558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09481412172317505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/cplx/1213388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/cplx/1213388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/f64b7c2b-d2dc-4415-868d-854780e98bdd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/f64b7c2b-d2dc-4415-868d-854780e98bdd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ayres, R U, van den Bergh, J & Villalba, G 2025, 'System Complexity Versus Environmental Sustainability : Theory and Policy', Complexity, vol. 2025, no. 1, 1213388, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:311264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/311264","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/artpub/2025/6e318946066d/Complexity_-_2025_-_Ayres_-_System_Complexity_Versus_Environmental_Sustainability_Theory_and_Policy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revisi\u00f3"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:1213388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2025/1213388.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7040153ce0344e8e96b7c68cb051570c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7040153ce0344e8e96b7c68cb051570c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/f64b7c2b-d2dc-4415-868d-854780e98bdd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/f64b7c2b-d2dc-4415-868d-854780e98bdd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ayres, R U, van den Bergh, J & Villalba, G 2025, 'System Complexity Versus Environmental Sustainability : Theory and Policy', Complexity, vol. 2025, no. 1, 1213388, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/cplx/1213388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cplx/1213388","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/cplx/1213388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5845768719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6720286644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"000940-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G93010673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2019\u2010000940\u2010M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408847708.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408847708.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61009264","https://openalex.org/W596319793","https://openalex.org/W1510040264","https://openalex.org/W1966402429","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2019463479","https://openalex.org/W2026606473","https://openalex.org/W2027659533","https://openalex.org/W2043912155","https://openalex.org/W2048540989","https://openalex.org/W2125068535","https://openalex.org/W2132299435","https://openalex.org/W2167885723","https://openalex.org/W2168579481","https://openalex.org/W2493894436","https://openalex.org/W2567437540","https://openalex.org/W3025756148","https://openalex.org/W3031801010","https://openalex.org/W3126994326","https://openalex.org/W3134526661","https://openalex.org/W3179048151","https://openalex.org/W3208249457","https://openalex.org/W4200493897","https://openalex.org/W4211244505","https://openalex.org/W4226465889","https://openalex.org/W4245630402","https://openalex.org/W4301267015","https://openalex.org/W4304163344","https://openalex.org/W4308995507","https://openalex.org/W4312576455","https://openalex.org/W4389980895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,207],"discuss":[1],"the":[2,14,26,41,172],"relationship":[3,110],"between":[4,111],"environmental":[5,19,58,60,106,241,255],"sustainability":[6,65,114,141],"and":[7,61,64,78,105,113,119,132,151,215,237,257],"system":[8,262],"complexity.":[9],"This":[10,35,46],"is":[11,48,53,115,146,154,181],"motivated":[12],"by":[13,227],"fact":[15],"that":[16,83,209],"solutions":[17],"to":[18,32,100,139,148,158,166,176,188],"challenges":[20],"often":[21],"create":[22],"additional":[23],"complexity":[24,38,112,130,169,263],"in":[25,37,55,87,123,171,192,218,252,260],"overall":[27],"socioeconomic":[28],"system,":[29],"at":[30],"local":[31],"global":[33],"levels.":[34],"increase":[36,131],"might":[39],"hamper":[40],"ultimate":[42],"achievement":[43],"of":[44,57,80,89,127,129,155,203,254],"sustainability.":[45,265],"theme":[47],"over":[49],"utmost":[50],"importance":[51],"but":[52,229],"overlooked":[54],"studies":[56],"sustainability,":[59],"climate":[62,101],"policy,":[63],"transitions.":[66],"It":[67],"merits":[68],"serious":[69],"attention":[70],"as":[71,161],"this":[72,135,144,210,219,230],"can":[73,224],"provide":[74],"a":[75,125,193,199,244],"general":[76],"basis":[77],"clarification":[79],"related":[81],"topics":[82],"are":[84,164],"currently":[85],"studied":[86],"isolation\u2014think":[88],"energy":[90],"rebound,":[91],"carbon":[92,235],"leakage,":[93],"green":[94],"paradox":[95],"(fossil":[96],"fuel":[97],"market":[98],"responses":[99],"policy),":[102],"circular":[103],"economy,":[104],"problem":[107],"shifting.":[108],"The":[109,179],"examined":[116],"from":[117],"thermodynamic":[118],"systemic":[120],"perspectives,":[121],"resulting":[122],"identifying":[124],"set":[126],"mechanisms":[128],"clarifying":[133],"how":[134],"potentially":[136],"creates":[137],"barriers":[138],"meeting":[140],"goals.":[142],"While":[143],"issue":[145],"pertinent":[147],"all":[149],"economies":[150,163],"countries,":[152],"it":[153],"high":[156],"relevance":[157],"developing":[159],"countries":[160,184],"their":[162,190,204],"likely":[165],"undergo":[167],"considerable":[168],"increases":[170],"near":[173],"future":[174],"due":[175],"further":[177],"development.":[178],"question":[180],"then":[182],"whether":[183],"will":[185,231],"be":[186,225],"able":[187],"steer":[189],"development":[191],"sustainable":[194],"direction":[195],"while":[196],"simultaneously":[197],"limiting":[198],"more":[200],"roundabout":[201],"nature":[202],"production":[205],"structure.":[206],"contend":[208],"may":[211],"require":[212],"\u201ccomplexity":[213],"policy\u201d":[214],"outline":[216],"ideas":[217],"regard.":[220],"An":[221],"important":[222],"role":[223],"played":[226],"cap\u2010and\u2010trade,":[228],"work":[232],"mainly":[233],"for":[234,239,264],"emission":[236],"not":[238],"other":[240],"pressures.":[242],"Ultimately,":[243],"policy":[245],"mix":[246],"could":[247],"guide":[248],"different":[249],"subsystem":[250],"complexities":[251],"terms":[253],"pressures":[256],"welfare":[258],"impacts\u2014resulting":[259],"optimizing":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
