{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972741981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/asp/2006/52736","title":"Efficient Realization of Sigma-Delta (-) Kalman Lowpass Filter in Hardware Using FPGA","display_name":"Efficient Realization of Sigma-Delta (-) Kalman Lowpass Filter in Hardware Using FPGA","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972741981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/asp/2006/52736","mag":"1972741981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/asp/2006/52736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/asp/2006/52736","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/ASP/2006/52736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/ASP/2006/52736","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029232546","display_name":"S.S. Abeysekera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saman S. Abeysekera","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Block S1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Block S1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082234467","display_name":"C. Charoensak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charayaphan Charoensak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Block S1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Block S1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029232546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":0.5726,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69064011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2006","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6303000450134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6294412612915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-pass-filter","display_name":"Low-pass filter","score":0.519303023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-design","display_name":"Filter design","score":0.512734055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-filter","display_name":"Digital filter","score":0.47341305017471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4465491771697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4224197268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4200063943862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40401893854141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.35693925619125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20442304015159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15615877509117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13634279370307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.12166595458984375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6303000450134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6294412612915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44682112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918242","display_name":"Low-pass filter","level":3,"score":0.519303023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.512734055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36390408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163067","display_name":"Digital filter","level":3,"score":0.47341305017471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4465491771697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4224197268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4200063943862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40401893854141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.35693925619125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20442304015159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15615877509117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13634279370307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.12166595458984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/asp/2006/52736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/asp/2006/52736","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/ASP/2006/52736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/asp/2006/52736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/asp/2006/52736","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/ASP/2006/52736","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972741981.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972741981.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1549170993","https://openalex.org/W1591152775","https://openalex.org/W1595457910","https://openalex.org/W1602608174","https://openalex.org/W1606242081","https://openalex.org/W1924250950","https://openalex.org/W1981973135","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W2017287625","https://openalex.org/W2038068977","https://openalex.org/W2047736787","https://openalex.org/W2082127364","https://openalex.org/W2083841563","https://openalex.org/W2108707939","https://openalex.org/W2123217862","https://openalex.org/W2125401965","https://openalex.org/W2139533650","https://openalex.org/W2151197206","https://openalex.org/W2167906913","https://openalex.org/W2168458874","https://openalex.org/W2218206570","https://openalex.org/W2527193322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135268282","https://openalex.org/W4282822687","https://openalex.org/W86844572","https://openalex.org/W2042932854","https://openalex.org/W2104752696","https://openalex.org/W2119481316","https://openalex.org/W1986086798","https://openalex.org/W2020924756","https://openalex.org/W1599794057","https://openalex.org/W2347800965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sigma-delta":[0],"(":[1],"-":[2,33,82],")":[3],"modulation":[4],"techniques":[5],"have":[6,15],"moved":[7],"into":[8],"mainstream":[9],"applications":[10],"in":[11,20,43,53,107],"signal":[12],"processing":[13],"and":[14,30,46,70,102,113,157],"found":[16],"many":[17],"practical":[18],"uses":[19],"areas":[21],"such":[22,67,96],"as":[23,68,97],"high-resolution":[24],"A/D,":[25],"D/A":[26],"conversions,":[27],"voice":[28],"communication,":[29],"software":[31],"radio.":[32],"modulators":[34,66,83],"produce":[35],"a":[36],"single,":[37],"or":[38],"few":[39],"bits":[40],"output":[41],"resulting":[42],"hardware":[44],"saving":[45],"thus":[47],"making":[48],"them":[49],"suitable":[50],"for":[51,151],"implementation":[52,125],"very":[54],"large":[55],"scale":[56],"integration":[57],"(VLSI)":[58],"circuits.":[59],"To":[60],"reduce":[61],"quantization":[62,77,90],"noise":[63,78,91],"produced,":[64],"higher-order":[65,81],"multiloop":[69],"multistage":[71],"architectures":[72],"are":[73,105,146],"commonly":[74],"used.":[75],"The":[76,138],"behavior":[79],"of":[80,115,126],"is":[84,122,136],"well":[85],"understood.":[86],"Based":[87],"on":[88],"these":[89],"characteristics,":[92],"various":[93],"demodulator":[94,120],"architectures,":[95],"filter,":[98,101,129,153,156],"optimal":[99],"FIR":[100,155],"Laguerre":[103,158],"filter":[104,121,144],"reported":[106],"literature.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"theory":[112],"design":[114,145],"an":[116],"efficient":[117],"Kalman":[118,127,143],"recursive":[119],"shown.":[123],"Hardware":[124],"lowpass":[128],"using":[130],"field":[131],"programmable":[132],"gate":[133],"array":[134],"(FPGA),":[135],"explained.":[137],"FPGA":[139],"synthesis":[140],"results":[141],"from":[142],"compared":[147],"with":[148],"previous":[149],"designs":[150],"sinc":[152],"optimum":[154],"filter.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
