{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406334351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adfs/6193403","title":"Strategic MARCOS Model for Optimizing Renewable Energy Investments Under Pythagorean Hesitant Fuzzy Assessments","display_name":"Strategic MARCOS Model for Optimizing Renewable Energy Investments Under Pythagorean Hesitant Fuzzy Assessments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406334351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adfs/6193403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/adfs/6193403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adfs/6193403","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/adfs/6193403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117816480","display_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1687-7101","issn":["1687-7101","1687-711X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/adfs/6193403","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075749323","display_name":"Muhammad Younis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics ,  Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan ,  Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,  Pakistan ,  awkum.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics ,  Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan ,  Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,  Pakistan ,  awkum.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065100059","display_name":"Shahzaib Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-8829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzaib Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics ,  Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology ,  Rahim Yar Khan ,  64200 ,  Pakistan ,  kfueit.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-8829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics ,  Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology ,  Rahim Yar Khan ,  64200 ,  Pakistan ,  kfueit.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077817609","display_name":"Saleem Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-5115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleem Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics ,  Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan ,  Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,  Pakistan ,  awkum.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-5115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics ,  Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan ,  Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,  Pakistan ,  awkum.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093675757","display_name":"Tooba Shahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tooba Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics ,  Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology ,  Rahim Yar Khan ,  64200 ,  Pakistan ,  kfueit.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics ,  Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology ,  Rahim Yar Khan ,  64200 ,  Pakistan ,  kfueit.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059047263","display_name":"K. C. Gokul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-8088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47881588","display_name":"Kathmandu University","ror":"https://ror.org/036xnae80","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47881588"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gokul K. C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics ,  School of Science ,  Kathmandu University ,  Dhulikhel ,  Nepal ,  ku.edu.np"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-8088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics ,  School of Science ,  Kathmandu University ,  Dhulikhel ,  Nepal ,  ku.edu.np","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47881588"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059047263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47881588"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":18.3594,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99125769,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6125697493553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pythagorean-theorem","display_name":"Pythagorean theorem","score":0.6106010675430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.566321849822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.4343720078468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4082574248313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3934278190135956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36484232544898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.36267155408859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.35489386320114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34039974212646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3395957350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3240423798561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28735655546188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2809489965438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2597506642341614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6125697493553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100461760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11518","display_name":"Pythagorean theorem","level":2,"score":0.6106010675430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.566321849822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4343720078468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4082574248313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3934278190135956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36484232544898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36267155408859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35489386320114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34039974212646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3395957350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3240423798561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28735655546188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2809489965438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2597506642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/adfs/6193403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adfs/6193403","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/adfs/6193403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117816480","display_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1687-7101","issn":["1687-7101","1687-711X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0bf644791cbc44cd8657d3bb5247b18a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0bf644791cbc44cd8657d3bb5247b18a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/adfs/6193403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adfs/6193403","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/adfs/6193403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117816480","display_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1687-7101","issn":["1687-7101","1687-711X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406334351.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W217726381","https://openalex.org/W1597263797","https://openalex.org/W1829951598","https://openalex.org/W1978062397","https://openalex.org/W1984502995","https://openalex.org/W1990116832","https://openalex.org/W1998274657","https://openalex.org/W2013932252","https://openalex.org/W2050262998","https://openalex.org/W2079457935","https://openalex.org/W2084718108","https://openalex.org/W2104077967","https://openalex.org/W2116365436","https://openalex.org/W2132885717","https://openalex.org/W2167967165","https://openalex.org/W2292359941","https://openalex.org/W2345848912","https://openalex.org/W2461949262","https://openalex.org/W2722833530","https://openalex.org/W2773588687","https://openalex.org/W2902310949","https://openalex.org/W2911336948","https://openalex.org/W2919187573","https://openalex.org/W2940266752","https://openalex.org/W2974973961","https://openalex.org/W2995392972","https://openalex.org/W3107675264","https://openalex.org/W3162432343","https://openalex.org/W3212047207","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4238927122","https://openalex.org/W4239165868","https://openalex.org/W4366433974","https://openalex.org/W4387310908","https://openalex.org/W4389284054","https://openalex.org/W4392558741","https://openalex.org/W4401570650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048758247","https://openalex.org/W3209969859","https://openalex.org/W3014284641","https://openalex.org/W2994198438","https://openalex.org/W3165229883","https://openalex.org/W4386442661","https://openalex.org/W4245476236","https://openalex.org/W3124459955","https://openalex.org/W4316659726","https://openalex.org/W2563462362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"sustainable":[1,126],"growth,":[2],"investments":[3,11,120],"in":[4,12,53,144,184,188],"renewable":[5,13,118],"energy":[6,14,119],"must":[7],"be":[8],"maximized.":[9],"Maximizing":[10],"opens":[15],"the":[16,57,86,129,137,153,162,189,193],"door":[17],"to":[18,50,85,161],"a":[19,46,90,97,113,174],"more":[20],"successful":[21],"and":[22,32,70,82,142,181],"environmentally":[23],"friendly":[24],"future.":[25],"Analyzing":[26],"technological":[27],"viability,":[28],"cost\u2010effectiveness,":[29],"regulatory":[30],"compliance,":[31],"environmental":[33],"impact":[34,183],"are":[35],"all":[36],"part":[37],"of":[38,60,80,139,177],"this":[39,150],"optimization":[40],"process.":[41],"This":[42,172],"paper":[43],"delves":[44],"into":[45,168],"sophisticated":[47],"methodology":[48,92,151],"designed":[49],"tackle":[51],"uncertainties":[52],"decision\u2010making":[54,185],"by":[55,159],"leveraging":[56],"innovative":[58],"concept":[59],"Pythagorean":[61],"hesitant":[62],"fuzzy":[63],"sets":[64],"(PHFSs).":[65],"We":[66],"defined":[67],"aggregation":[68],"operations":[69],"distance":[71],"measures":[72],"for":[73,101,125,155],"PHFS.":[74],"After":[75],"that,":[76,110],"we":[77,111,148,191],"introduced":[78],"Measurement":[79],"Alternatives":[81],"Ranking":[83],"According":[84],"Compromise":[87],"Solution":[88,164],"(MARCOS),":[89],"novel":[91],"under":[93],"PHFS,":[94],"it":[95],"is":[96],"robust":[98],"tool":[99],"acknowledged":[100],"navigating":[102],"complex":[103],"decision":[104],"scenarios":[105],"with":[106,152],"multiple":[107],"criteria.":[108],"Following":[109],"showcased":[112],"case":[114],"study":[115,135],"on":[116],"enhancing":[117],"through":[121],"an":[122],"AI\u2010based":[123],"strategy":[124],"development,":[127],"utilizing":[128],"newly":[130],"developed":[131],"MARCOS":[132],"algorithm.":[133],"The":[134],"highlights":[136],"significance":[138],"its":[140,178],"adaptability":[141],"efficiency":[143],"practical":[145],"applications.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"compared":[149],"Technique":[154],"Establishing":[156],"Order":[157],"Performance":[158],"Similarity":[160],"Ideal":[163],"(TOPSIS),":[165],"offering":[166],"insights":[167],"their":[169],"respective":[170],"strengths.":[171],"offers":[173],"concrete":[175],"demonstration":[176],"real\u2010world":[179],"utility":[180],"potential":[182],"scenarios.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"last,":[190],"conclude":[192],"whole":[194],"study.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
