{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134186503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/acis/1243805","title":"Essential Protein Identification Using FCNN and Harris Hawks Optimization","display_name":"Essential Protein Identification Using FCNN and Harris Hawks Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134186503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/acis/1243805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/acis/1243805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/acis/1243805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/acis/1243805","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128344212","display_name":"Muhammad Ihraz Fahmid Bhuiyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ihraz Fahmid Bhuiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128362257","display_name":"Nawshin Nasir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawshin Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5429-9781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128357620","display_name":"Md. Abdullah Al Noman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Abdullah Al Noman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128367546","display_name":"Pranta Hossen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranta Hossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Md. Rafiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-6747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Rafiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-6747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science ,  American International University-Bangladesh ,  Dhaka ,  Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37618005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.39469999074935913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7993000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6572999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5827000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28225019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005","display_name":"Biological network","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/acis/1243805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/acis/1243805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/acis/1243805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/acis/1243805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1714524773","https://openalex.org/W1999808266","https://openalex.org/W2005740247","https://openalex.org/W2007245700","https://openalex.org/W2032289031","https://openalex.org/W2091185605","https://openalex.org/W2094934530","https://openalex.org/W2105089945","https://openalex.org/W2108102049","https://openalex.org/W2136554306","https://openalex.org/W2769309311","https://openalex.org/W2790360379","https://openalex.org/W2790765877","https://openalex.org/W2885091354","https://openalex.org/W2908485946","https://openalex.org/W2915452654","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2957818796","https://openalex.org/W2969263860","https://openalex.org/W2991321419","https://openalex.org/W3162389729","https://openalex.org/W3185027018","https://openalex.org/W3206752413","https://openalex.org/W4280617006","https://openalex.org/W4289766530","https://openalex.org/W4313476568","https://openalex.org/W4392251112","https://openalex.org/W4400576356","https://openalex.org/W4401726218","https://openalex.org/W4405912340","https://openalex.org/W4407614889"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,88,115,135,151,234],"critical":[4],"task":[5],"of":[6,173,204,208,212,218,236],"computationally":[7],"identifying":[8],"essential":[9,44,250],"proteins,":[10],"vital":[11],"for":[12,43,164,197],"organismal":[13],"survival,":[14],"disease":[15],"understanding,":[16],"and":[17,31,79,82,107,126,141,158,175,214,223,241],"drug":[18],"discovery.":[19],"Existing":[20],"methods":[21],"face":[22],"limitations":[23],"with":[24,114,156,168,201,228],"diverse":[25,65,238],"biological":[26,66],"data,":[27],"significant":[28,89],"class":[29,90],"imbalance,":[30],"complex":[32],"model":[33],"optimization.":[34],"To":[35],"overcome":[36],"these,":[37],"we":[38,109],"developed":[39],"a":[40,48,54,169,176,206,210],"novel":[41],"methodology":[42],"protein":[45,68,251],"prediction":[46],"utilizing":[47],"multi\u2010input":[49,153],"deep":[50],"neural":[51,58],"network,":[52],"specifically":[53],"hybrid":[55],"fully":[56],"connected":[57],"network":[59,105],"(FCNN).":[60],"The":[61,129,190],"proposed":[62,152,191],"approach":[63],"integrates":[64],"information:":[67],"embeddings":[69],"from":[70],"PPI":[71],"networks":[72],"(node2vec),":[73],"gene":[74],"expression":[75],"data":[76,239],"capturing":[77],"temporal":[78],"conditional":[80],"dynamics,":[81],"subcellular":[83],"localization":[84],"features.":[85],"We":[86],"addressed":[87],"imbalance":[91],"using":[92],"synthetic":[93],"minority":[94],"oversampling":[95],"technique":[96],"(SMOTE)":[97],"to":[98,103,188,246],"balance":[99],"training":[100],"data.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"enhance":[104],"architecture":[106],"performance,":[108],"implemented":[110],"layer\u2010specific":[111],"hyperparameter":[112],"tuning":[113],"Harris":[116],"Hawks":[117],"Optimization":[118],"(HHO)":[119],"algorithm,":[120],"adaptively":[121],"adjusting":[122],"dense":[123],"layer":[124],"neurons":[125],"dropout":[127],"rates.":[128],"method":[130],"was":[131],"rigorously":[132],"evaluated":[133],"on":[134],"GSE7645":[136],"(":[137],"S.":[138,165],"cerevisiae":[139,166],")":[140],"E.":[142,198],"coli":[143,199],"datasets":[144],"against":[145],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[146,229],"techniques.":[147],"Results":[148],"demonstrated":[149],"that":[150],"model,":[154],"combined":[155],"HHO":[157],"SMOTE":[159],"balancing,":[160],"achieved":[161,193],"superior":[162],"performance":[163],",":[167],"significantly":[170,247],"higher":[171,222],"accuracy":[172,203],"89":[174],"more":[177],"balanced":[178,224],"prediction:":[179],"recall":[180,207],"82,":[181],"precision":[182],"70,":[183],"F":[184,216],"1\u2010score":[185,217],"75,":[186],"compared":[187],"baselines.":[189],"models":[192],"very":[194],"good":[195],"results":[196,225],"dataset":[200],"an":[202,215],"91.89,":[205,219],"89.47,":[209],"specificity":[211],"94.00,":[213],"which":[220],"are":[221],"in":[226],"comparison":[227],"methods.":[230],"These":[231],"findings":[232],"highlight":[233],"value":[235],"integrating":[237],"sources":[240],"employing":[242],"advanced":[243],"optimization":[244],"techniques":[245],"advance":[248],"computational":[249],"prediction.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-09T00:00:00"}