{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400738717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6659436","title":"An Analysis of Image Classification Using Wavelet\u2010Based Autoencoder Architecture and Extreme Learning Machine","display_name":"An Analysis of Image Classification Using Wavelet\u2010Based Autoencoder Architecture and Extreme Learning Machine","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400738717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6659436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2024/6659436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6659436","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/6659436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/6659436","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008003561","display_name":"Salwa Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3260-5949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salwa Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3260-5949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072837793","display_name":"Salima Hassairi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-6576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salima Hassairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-6576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074482631","display_name":"Siwar Yahia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwar Yahia","raw_affiliation_strings":["RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-5479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029856197","display_name":"Ridha Ejbali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ridha Ejbali","raw_affiliation_strings":["RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-1621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040313585","display_name":"Mourad Zaied","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1466-9957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Zaied","raw_affiliation_strings":["RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1466-9957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia , univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTIM: Research Team in Intelligent Machine ,  National Engineering School of Gabes ,  Zrig Eddakhlania ,  Tunisia ,  univgb.rnu.tn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029856197"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08434507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8938826322555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.7972332239151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7580873966217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7431257963180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.7323774695396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7066423892974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.679458498954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6012549996376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.56814044713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.5277857184410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4405675232410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4310775101184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35081180930137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.26177501678466797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8938826322555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.7972332239151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7580873966217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7431257963180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.7323774695396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7066423892974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.679458498954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6012549996376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.56814044713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.5277857184410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4405675232410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4310775101184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35081180930137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26177501678466797}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2024/6659436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6659436","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/6659436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1de17aeeb5de43d7bfcb454b887b4bfe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1de17aeeb5de43d7bfcb454b887b4bfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2024 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2024/6659436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6659436","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/6659436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400738717.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982968041","https://openalex.org/W1986336378","https://openalex.org/W2042184006","https://openalex.org/W2053757129","https://openalex.org/W2065041047","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2134603844","https://openalex.org/W2146795245","https://openalex.org/W2158978266","https://openalex.org/W2160380264","https://openalex.org/W2162746294","https://openalex.org/W2238314517","https://openalex.org/W2247478801","https://openalex.org/W2273476706","https://openalex.org/W2443439949","https://openalex.org/W2526016190","https://openalex.org/W2583942860","https://openalex.org/W2592570908","https://openalex.org/W2602211612","https://openalex.org/W2603986758","https://openalex.org/W2608862709","https://openalex.org/W2940953217","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3125306199","https://openalex.org/W3164621419","https://openalex.org/W3185543926","https://openalex.org/W3210332422","https://openalex.org/W4200476653","https://openalex.org/W4210826613","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4283643275","https://openalex.org/W4283756589","https://openalex.org/W4291653569","https://openalex.org/W4300680903","https://openalex.org/W4311788998","https://openalex.org/W4313155238","https://openalex.org/W4313325279","https://openalex.org/W4321851617","https://openalex.org/W4385732656","https://openalex.org/W4385958134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394785709","https://openalex.org/W4296978181","https://openalex.org/W2912987408","https://openalex.org/W2937381246","https://openalex.org/W2567582497","https://openalex.org/W3004801820","https://openalex.org/W4281672036","https://openalex.org/W4313444753","https://openalex.org/W4230582276","https://openalex.org/W1789923131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"machine":[2],"learning":[3],"applications,":[4],"promising":[5],"outcomes":[6],"have":[7,32,53],"emerged":[8],"through":[9],"the":[10,48,79,90,122,132],"integration":[11],"of":[12,81,138,149],"Deep":[13,43,49,83,97,123],"Learning":[14,18],"(DL)":[15],"and":[16,47,115,128],"Extreme":[17],"Machine":[19],"(ELM)":[20],"techniques":[21,135],"with":[22],"wavelet":[23,72],"networks":[24],"(WN),":[25],"leading":[26],"to":[27,36],"high":[28],"classification":[29,60,151],"accuracy.":[30],"Researchers":[31],"explored":[33],"various":[34],"strategies":[35],"enhance":[37],"classifier":[38],"performance.":[39],"Among":[40],"these":[41,70],"methods,":[42],"Wavelet":[44,50,86,98,125],"Autoencoders":[45],"(AE)":[46],"ELM":[51,99],"algorithm":[52],"been":[54],"extensively":[55],"applied":[56],"in":[57,136],"diverse":[58],"image":[59,150],"domains.":[61],"This":[62],"research":[63],"paper":[64],"conducts":[65],"a":[66,82,96,104,146],"comparative":[67],"analysis":[68],"between":[69],"two":[71],"AE\u2010based":[73],"techniques.":[74],"The":[75,117],"first":[76],"approach":[77],"involves":[78],"development":[80],"Stacked":[84,124],"Sparse":[85],"Autoencoder":[87,100],"(DSSWAE),":[88],"while":[89],"second":[91],"method":[92],"focuses":[93],"on":[94],"creating":[95],"(DW\u2010ELM\u2010AE).":[101],"To":[102],"enable":[103],"comprehensive":[105],"comparison,":[106],"experiments":[107],"were":[108],"conducted":[109],"using":[110],"different":[111],"datasets,":[112],"specifically":[113],"MNIST":[114],"COIL\u201020.":[116],"results":[118],"clearly":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"that":[121],"AE":[126],"(DSWAE)":[127],"DSSWAE":[129],"algorithms":[130],"outperform":[131],"State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010Art":[133],"(SOTA)":[134],"terms":[137],"accuracy":[139],"efficiency,":[140],"emphasizing":[141],"their":[142],"significant":[143],"potential":[144],"for":[145],"wide":[147],"range":[148],"applications.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}