{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404414742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3026500","title":"ViT\u2010AMD: A New Deep Learning Model for Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration Diagnosis From Fundus Images","display_name":"ViT\u2010AMD: A New Deep Learning Model for Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration Diagnosis From Fundus Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404414742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3026500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2024/3026500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3026500","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/3026500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/3026500","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084747864","display_name":"Ngoc Thien Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-8756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc Thien Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035042601","display_name":"Thanh Le Truong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3515-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Le Truong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094006433","display_name":"Sunchai Deelertpaiboon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunchai Deelertpaiboon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019433340","display_name":"Wattanasak Srisiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2036-9317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wattanasak Srisiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004462369","display_name":"Pear Pongsachareonnont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2074-1629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pear Ferreira Pongsachareonnont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Retina ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Retina ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072221518","display_name":"Disorn Suwajanakorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-5813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Disorn Suwajanakorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Retina ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Retina ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030549679","display_name":"Apivat Mavichak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apivat Mavichak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Retina ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Retina ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006033305","display_name":"Rath Itthipanichpong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-7870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802209374","display_name":"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jd2pj53","country_code":"TH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802209374"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rath Itthipanichpong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Low Vision Unit and Center of Excellence in Glaucoma ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Low Vision Unit and Center of Excellence in Glaucoma ,  Department of Ophthalmology ,  Faculty of Medicine ,  Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802209374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062552400","display_name":"Widhyakorn Asdornwised","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Widhyakorn Asdornwised","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043931111","display_name":"Watit Benjapolakul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6134-7268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Watit Benjapolakul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043748658","display_name":"Surachai Chaitusaney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-3342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surachai Chaitusaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008465270","display_name":"Pasu Kaewplung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-6543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasu Kaewplung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Smart Grid Technology ,  Department of Electrical Engineering ,  Faculty of Engineering ,  Chulalongkorn University ,  Bangkok ,  10330 ,  Thailand ,  chula.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006033305","https://openalex.org/A5043931111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052","https://openalex.org/I2802209374"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":2.112,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87963425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration","display_name":"Macular degeneration","score":0.885183572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.821082353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6214666366577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5896790027618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.5320723056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48307207226753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.4371241331100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3525848388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3401321768760681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.885183572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.821082353591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6214666366577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5896790027618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.5320723056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48307207226753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.4371241331100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3525848388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3401321768760681}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2024/3026500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3026500","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/3026500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2024/3026500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3026500","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/3026500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321557","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404414742.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902819327","https://openalex.org/W2062255156","https://openalex.org/W2160226180","https://openalex.org/W2580835947","https://openalex.org/W2592433175","https://openalex.org/W2617381511","https://openalex.org/W2765707837","https://openalex.org/W2783530987","https://openalex.org/W2805996631","https://openalex.org/W2997422821","https://openalex.org/W3013681994","https://openalex.org/W3031989616","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3106106841","https://openalex.org/W3150212014","https://openalex.org/W3185701840","https://openalex.org/W3197217317","https://openalex.org/W3204146347","https://openalex.org/W4205941964","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4281902802","https://openalex.org/W4284962035","https://openalex.org/W4293163051","https://openalex.org/W4296355231","https://openalex.org/W4304758328","https://openalex.org/W4306771247","https://openalex.org/W4308056499","https://openalex.org/W4308279659","https://openalex.org/W4312610639","https://openalex.org/W4318566866","https://openalex.org/W4327972770","https://openalex.org/W4387324741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3041046439","https://openalex.org/W2994531931","https://openalex.org/W4386789577","https://openalex.org/W4360991425","https://openalex.org/W2049145612","https://openalex.org/W4246192989","https://openalex.org/W2992454348","https://openalex.org/W2321279150","https://openalex.org/W760317510","https://openalex.org/W1018785276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Age\u2010related":[0],"macular":[1],"degeneration":[2],"(AMD)":[3],"diagnosis":[4,82,251],"using":[5,128,151],"fundus":[6,84],"images":[7],"is":[8,72,118],"one":[9],"of":[10,14,53,101,134,148,183,208],"the":[11,15,38,51,66,75,102,121,132,136,146,161,173,176,201,222,225,230,239,248,252],"critical":[12],"missions":[13],"eye\u2010care":[16],"screening":[17],"program":[18],"in":[19],"many":[20],"countries.":[21],"Various":[22],"proposed":[23,65],"deep":[24],"learning":[25,126],"models":[26],"have":[27,242],"been":[28],"studied":[29],"for":[30,50,111,160],"this":[31,62],"research":[32,45],"interest,":[33],"which":[34,71,106],"aim":[35],"to":[36,81,246,250],"achieve":[37],"mission":[39],"and":[40,58,124,181,192,206,217],"outperform":[41],"human\u2010based":[42],"approaches.":[43],"However,":[44],"efforts":[46],"are":[47,187,211],"still":[48],"required":[49],"improvement":[52],"model":[54,67,150,186,210,228,233,241],"classification":[55,113,164],"accuracy,":[56,178,203],"sensitivity,":[57,180,205],"specificity":[59,182,207],"values.":[60],"In":[61,237],"study,":[63],"we":[64,143],"named":[68],"as":[69,86],"ViT\u2010AMD,":[70],"based":[73,119],"on":[74,120,172,198],"latest":[76],"Vision":[77],"Transformer":[78],"(ViT)":[79],"structure,":[80],"a":[83],"image":[85,112,154],"normal,":[87],"dry":[88,167],"AMD,":[89],"or":[90],"wet":[91,170],"AMD":[92,163,168,253],"types.":[93],"Unlike":[94],"convolution":[95],"neural":[96],"network":[97],"models,":[98],"ViT":[99],"consists":[100],"attention":[103],"map":[104],"layers,":[105],"show":[107],"more":[108],"effective":[109],"performance":[110,147],"task.":[114],"Our":[115],"training":[116],"process":[117],"5\u2010fold":[122],"cross\u2010validation":[123],"transfer":[125],"techniques":[127],"Chula\u2010AMD":[129,174],"dataset":[130],"at":[131],"Department":[133],"Ophthalmology,":[135],"King":[137],"Chulalongkorn":[138],"Memorial":[139],"Hospital,":[140],"Bangkok.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"also":[144],"test":[145],"trained":[149,185,209,231],"an":[152],"independent":[153,199],"datasets.":[155],"The":[156],"results":[157,223],"showed":[158],"that":[159],"3\u2010classes":[162],"(normal":[165],"vs.":[166,169],"AMD)":[171],"dataset,":[175],"averaged":[177,202],"precision,":[179,204],"our":[184],"about":[188,212],"93.40%,":[189],"92.15%,":[190],"91.27%,":[191],"96.57%,":[193],"respectively.":[194,219],"For":[195],"result":[196],"testing":[197],"datasets,":[200],"74,":[213],"20%,":[214],"75.35%,":[215],"74.13%,":[216],"87.07%,":[218],"Compared":[220],"with":[221],"from":[224],"baseline":[226],"CNN\u2010based":[227],"(DenseNet201),":[229],"ViT\u2010AMD":[232,240],"has":[234],"outperformed":[235],"significantly.":[236],"conclusion,":[238],"proved":[243],"their":[244],"usefulness":[245],"assist":[247],"ophthalmologist":[249],"disease.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
