{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380985864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9973580","title":"Cooperative Game of Energy\u2010Constrained Agents in Wireless Communication Systems through Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Cooperative Game of Energy\u2010Constrained Agents in Wireless Communication Systems through Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380985864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9973580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/9973580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9973580","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/9973580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/9973580.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023822519","display_name":"Li Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-6360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112812","display_name":"National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02291hh73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong","National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-6360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658372","display_name":"Jianhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ","Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035395017","display_name":"Dian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-1747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112812","display_name":"National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02291hh73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong","National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101952645","display_name":"Shengzhong Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-2815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112812","display_name":"National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02291hh73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong","National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Super-Computing Center in Shenzhen, 518000 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023822519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112812"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06738578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8255747556686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7385807037353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7158704996109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.635374903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfect-information","display_name":"Perfect information","score":0.5798818469047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5684534907341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.48364126682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.47855144739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4674243628978729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.4629313349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4355282485485077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4326438307762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4148993194103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36451196670532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36190110445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3160918951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2247183620929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.14466631412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13181838393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10401046276092529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8255747556686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7385807037353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7158704996109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.635374903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123676819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074338","display_name":"Perfect information","level":2,"score":0.5798818469047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5684534907341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.48364126682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47855144739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4674243628978729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.4629313349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4355282485485077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4326438307762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4148993194103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36451196670532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36190110445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3160918951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2247183620929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.14466631412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13181838393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10401046276092529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/9973580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9973580","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/9973580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/9973580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9973580","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/9973580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3920569016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M710921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380985864.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1501603389","https://openalex.org/W2014561814","https://openalex.org/W2022229650","https://openalex.org/W2061207936","https://openalex.org/W2109083144","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2122800638","https://openalex.org/W2124191651","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2156737235","https://openalex.org/W2167957526","https://openalex.org/W2340384825","https://openalex.org/W2406624004","https://openalex.org/W2581108373","https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2740197008","https://openalex.org/W2766003054","https://openalex.org/W2792818654","https://openalex.org/W2890946036","https://openalex.org/W2912270658","https://openalex.org/W2948869366","https://openalex.org/W2972122474","https://openalex.org/W3009438275","https://openalex.org/W3014685223","https://openalex.org/W3023570624","https://openalex.org/W3025412407","https://openalex.org/W3043098219","https://openalex.org/W3092300309","https://openalex.org/W3095090516","https://openalex.org/W3097974940","https://openalex.org/W3101076092","https://openalex.org/W3102824929","https://openalex.org/W3132199788","https://openalex.org/W3135872604","https://openalex.org/W3154322658","https://openalex.org/W3154747278","https://openalex.org/W3187550742","https://openalex.org/W3196755144","https://openalex.org/W4206913881","https://openalex.org/W4236532685","https://openalex.org/W4283217214","https://openalex.org/W4285725498","https://openalex.org/W4294609145","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W4302570325","https://openalex.org/W4307230233","https://openalex.org/W4312057439","https://openalex.org/W6683195989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360321812","https://openalex.org/W2395295193","https://openalex.org/W3122057932","https://openalex.org/W2113798763","https://openalex.org/W3088364074","https://openalex.org/W2004230228","https://openalex.org/W2610227658","https://openalex.org/W2900431508","https://openalex.org/W2145796981","https://openalex.org/W2050340470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"issues":[1],"are":[2,93],"always":[3],"considered":[4],"in":[5,64],"systems":[6],"with":[7],"wireless":[8],"networks.":[9],"However,":[10],"few":[11],"of":[12,106],"them":[13],"investigated":[14],"covert":[15,39],"signals":[16],"existing":[17],"on":[18,111],"different":[19],"communication":[20],"channels":[21],"to":[22,51],"confuse":[23],"advisories.":[24,74],"In":[25],"this":[26,77],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"consider":[29],"the":[30,42,56,69,89,100,104,112],"cooperation":[31],"between":[32,59],"two":[33,60,66],"energy\u2010constrained":[34],"agents,":[35],"who":[36],"could":[37],"inject":[38],"signals.":[40],"First,":[41],"system":[43,117],"performance":[44],"is":[45,62,80,109],"measured":[46],"by":[47],"Kullback\u2013Leibler":[48],"divergence":[49],"(KLD)":[50],"avoid":[52],"much":[53],"deviation.":[54],"Then,":[55],"cooperative":[57,78],"game":[58,79],"agents":[61,67],"considered,":[63],"which":[65],"share":[68],"common":[70],"goal":[71],"at":[72],"confusing":[73],"More":[75],"formally,":[76],"formulated":[81],"as":[82,119,121],"a":[83],"Markov":[84],"decision":[85],"process":[86],"(MDP)":[87],"and":[88],"most":[90],"economic":[91],"strategies":[92],"obtained":[94],"through":[95],"reinforcement":[96],"learning":[97],"(RL)":[98],"under":[99],"imperfect":[101],"information.":[102],"Finally,":[103],"feasibility":[105],"theoretical":[107],"results":[108],"demonstrated":[110],"interconnected":[113],"New":[114],"England":[115],"test":[116],"(NETS)":[118],"well":[120],"its":[122],"reduced":[123],"system.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}