{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321434204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8509433","title":"An Efficient USE\u2010Net Deep Learning Model for Cancer Detection","display_name":"An Efficient USE\u2010Net Deep Learning Model for Cancer Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321434204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8509433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/8509433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8509433","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/8509433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/8509433.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060326805","display_name":"Saad Almutairi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-4665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad M. Almutairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-4665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058580744","display_name":"S. Manimurugan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Manimurugan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345","Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345, USA","Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-6797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023252755","display_name":"Majed Aborokbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-1458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majed M. Aborokbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-1458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035399235","display_name":"C. Narmatha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Narmatha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-4045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Innovation & Robotics Center, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005537270","display_name":"Subramaniam Ganesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-9940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subramaniam Ganesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-9940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester 112345, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033178901","display_name":"P. Karthikeyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Karthikeyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-5520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033178901","https://openalex.org/A5058580744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254","https://openalex.org/I177721651","https://openalex.org/I4210116723","https://openalex.org/I72264486"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":2.3857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90595265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6541421413421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6385835409164429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.5422881245613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5118319392204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.508728563785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1970539689064026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6541421413421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385835409164429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.5422881245613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5118319392204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.508728563785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1970539689064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/8509433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8509433","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/8509433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/8509433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8509433","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/8509433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5690197417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0075-1442-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327296","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education \u2013 Kingdom of Saudi Arabi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311226","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327296","display_name":"Ministry of Education \u2013 Kingdom of Saudi Arabi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321434204.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050997943","https://openalex.org/W2107411682","https://openalex.org/W2528167314","https://openalex.org/W2580262276","https://openalex.org/W2787815993","https://openalex.org/W2791864097","https://openalex.org/W2886556804","https://openalex.org/W2944967589","https://openalex.org/W2991372685","https://openalex.org/W3002592716","https://openalex.org/W3002888738","https://openalex.org/W3011917823","https://openalex.org/W3081366712","https://openalex.org/W3088539645","https://openalex.org/W3097761915","https://openalex.org/W3114522238","https://openalex.org/W3125767684","https://openalex.org/W3148831051","https://openalex.org/W3153303671","https://openalex.org/W3163936961","https://openalex.org/W3179290459","https://openalex.org/W3195485661","https://openalex.org/W3210217201","https://openalex.org/W4200017912","https://openalex.org/W4200182769","https://openalex.org/W4200564739","https://openalex.org/W4200566850","https://openalex.org/W4205539087","https://openalex.org/W4207017358","https://openalex.org/W4220781430","https://openalex.org/W4220897912","https://openalex.org/W4221086517","https://openalex.org/W4282548138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3082895349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0],"cancer":[1],"(BrCa)":[2],"is":[3,15,58,74,100,114,125,136,148],"the":[4,12,42,47,61,77,104,107,112,128,142,151],"most":[5],"common":[6],"disease":[7],"in":[8,106],"women":[9],"worldwide.":[10],"Classifying":[11],"BrCa":[13,20,27,39,45,56,78],"image":[14,57],"extremely":[16],"important":[17],"for":[18,60,80,138,175,192],"finding":[19],"at":[21],"an":[22],"earlier":[23],"stage":[24],"and":[25,40,49,91,145,172,189],"monitoring":[26],"during":[28,46],"treatment.":[29],"The":[30,68,84,109,133,161,178],"computer\u2010aided":[31],"detection":[32,43],"methods":[33],"have":[34],"been":[35],"used":[36,101,137],"to":[37,75,102],"interpret":[38],"improve":[41],"of":[44,71,111],"screening":[48],"treatment":[50],"stages.":[51],"However,":[52],"if":[53],"a":[54,95],"new":[55],"generated":[59,82],"treatment,":[62],"it":[63],"will":[64],"not":[65],"classify":[66,76],"correctly.":[67],"main":[69],"objective":[70],"this":[72],"research":[73],"images":[79,113],"newly":[81],"images.":[83,108,177,194],"model":[85,135,162,179],"performs":[86],"preprocessing,":[87,94],"segmentation,":[88],"feature":[89,139],"extraction,":[90],"classification.":[92],"In":[93],"hybrid":[96],"median":[97],"filtering":[98],"(HMF)":[99],"eliminate":[103],"noise":[105],"contrast":[110],"enhanced":[115],"using":[116,127,150],"quadrant":[117],"dynamic":[118],"histogram":[119],"equalization":[120],"(QDHE).":[121],"Then,":[122],"ROI":[123],"segmentation":[124],"performed":[126],"USE\u2010Net":[129],"deep":[130],"learning":[131],"model.":[132],"CaffeNet":[134],"extraction":[140],"on":[141],"segmented":[143],"images,":[144],"finally,":[146],"classification":[147],"made":[149],"improved":[152],"random":[153],"forest":[154],"(IRF)":[155],"with":[156],"extreme":[157],"gradient":[158],"boosting":[159],"(XGB).":[160],"obtained":[163],"97.87%":[164],"accuracy,":[165,182],"98.45%":[166],"sensitivity,":[167,184],"95.24%":[168],"specificity,":[169,186],"98.96%":[170],"precision,":[171,188],"98.70%":[173],"f1\u2010score":[174,191],"ultrasound":[176],"gives":[180],"98.31%":[181],"99.29%":[183],"90.20%":[185],"98.82%":[187],"99.05%":[190],"mammogram":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}