{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321365943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4468025","title":"A Unified Interpretable Intelligent Learning Diagnosis Framework for Learning Performance Prediction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems","display_name":"A Unified Interpretable Intelligent Learning Diagnosis Framework for Learning Performance Prediction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321365943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4468025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/4468025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4468025","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/4468025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/4468025.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008033496","display_name":"Zhifeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-509X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112844710","display_name":"Wenxing Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxing Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005777441","display_name":"Chunyan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-6692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efciency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-6692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efciency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716460","display_name":"Yuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-4639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080113933","display_name":"Shi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-6960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artifcial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005777441","https://openalex.org/A5008033496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666","https://openalex.org/I74525822"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":6.5825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97403502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9713362455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7566969394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7518718242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7509191036224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"Multi-task learning","score":0.44464319944381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43440482020378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.43135586380958557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9713362455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7566969394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7518718242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7509191036224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.44464319944381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43440482020378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.43135586380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/4468025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4468025","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/4468025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/4468025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4468025","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/4468025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2167415974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4476752507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xtzd2021-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5243396600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7841612594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62177022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8151232410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xtzd2021-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8559662601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCNUAI&FE2022-03-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321365943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321365943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W1588286827","https://openalex.org/W1988709327","https://openalex.org/W2002091574","https://openalex.org/W2022107414","https://openalex.org/W2039625536","https://openalex.org/W2054855387","https://openalex.org/W2078164548","https://openalex.org/W2079403569","https://openalex.org/W2091254970","https://openalex.org/W2160920329","https://openalex.org/W2319285189","https://openalex.org/W2404715899","https://openalex.org/W2559094423","https://openalex.org/W2574518178","https://openalex.org/W2595001366","https://openalex.org/W2740920897","https://openalex.org/W2769232540","https://openalex.org/W2788574423","https://openalex.org/W2795299975","https://openalex.org/W2957747000","https://openalex.org/W2980472839","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2998506103","https://openalex.org/W3003999301","https://openalex.org/W3034854756","https://openalex.org/W3043431195","https://openalex.org/W3043869244","https://openalex.org/W3046782012","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3124791044","https://openalex.org/W3128513560","https://openalex.org/W3134371412","https://openalex.org/W3137937733","https://openalex.org/W3175316827","https://openalex.org/W3185924299","https://openalex.org/W3189190556","https://openalex.org/W3217610966","https://openalex.org/W4210622823","https://openalex.org/W4214591190","https://openalex.org/W4241770637","https://openalex.org/W4285732232","https://openalex.org/W4285900042","https://openalex.org/W4291178128","https://openalex.org/W4292793914","https://openalex.org/W4295788921","https://openalex.org/W4297371017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385957992","https://openalex.org/W3006943036","https://openalex.org/W4299487748","https://openalex.org/W4223943233","https://openalex.org/W2597787948","https://openalex.org/W3047894882","https://openalex.org/W3200098538","https://openalex.org/W3208584567","https://openalex.org/W4295854770","https://openalex.org/W4221031031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"learning":[1,24,31,47,68,74,82,112,121,125,136,163,172,212,217],"diagnosis":[2,32,48,75,113,164,173],"is":[3,34],"a":[4,63,91,132,161,170,182],"critical":[5],"engine":[6],"of":[7,81,93,123,129,135,151],"intelligent":[8,111,220],"tutoring":[9,218,221],"systems,":[10],"which":[11,115],"aims":[12],"to":[13,37,90],"estimate":[14],"learners\u2019":[15,194],"current":[16],"knowledge":[17],"mastery":[18],"status":[19],"and":[20,41,126,138,149,181,201,215],"predict":[21],"their":[22,85,96],"future":[23],"performance.":[25],"The":[26],"significant":[27],"challenge":[28],"with":[29,62,197],"traditional":[30],"methods":[33,49,76],"the":[35,44,71,79,104,107,118,127,155,198],"inability":[36],"balance":[38],"diagnostic":[39],"accuracy":[40,80,191],"interpretability.":[42],"Although":[43],"existing":[45],"psychometric\u2010based":[46],"provide":[50,203],"some":[51],"domain":[52],"interpretation":[53],"through":[54],"cognitive":[55,144],"parameters,":[56,145],"they":[57],"have":[58,77],"insufficient":[59],"modeling":[60],"capability":[61],"shallow":[64],"structure":[65],"for":[66,99,207],"large\u2010scale":[67],"data.":[69],"While":[70],"deep":[72,124],"learning\u2010based":[73],"improved":[78],"performance":[83,134],"prediction,":[84],"inherent":[86],"black\u2010box":[87],"properties":[88],"lead":[89],"lack":[92],"interpretability,":[94],"making":[95],"results":[97],"untrustworthy":[98],"educational":[100,205],"applications.":[101],"To":[102],"settle":[103],"abovementioned":[105],"problem,":[106],"proposed":[108,156],"unified":[109],"interpretable":[110],"framework,":[114,157],"benefits":[116],"from":[117,141],"powerful":[119],"representation":[120],"ability":[122],"interpretability":[128,140,206],"psychometrics,":[130],"achieves":[131],"better":[133],"prediction":[137],"provides":[139],"three":[142],"aspects:":[143],"learner\u2010resource":[146],"response":[147],"network,":[148],"weights":[150],"self\u2010attention":[152],"mechanism.":[153],"Within":[154],"this":[158],"paper":[159],"presents":[160],"two\u2010channel":[162],"mechanism":[165,174],"LDM\u2010ID":[166],"as":[167,169,210],"well":[168],"three\u2010channel":[171],"LDM\u2010HMI.":[175],"Experiments":[176],"on":[177],"two":[178],"real\u2010world":[179],"datasets":[180],"simulation":[183],"dataset":[184],"show":[185],"that":[186],"our":[187],"method":[188],"has":[189],"higher":[190],"in":[192,219],"predicting":[193],"performances":[195],"compared":[196],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[199],"models":[200],"can":[202],"valuable":[204],"applications":[208],"such":[209],"precise":[211],"resource":[213],"recommendation":[214],"personalized":[216],"systems.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
