{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389348659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819587","title":"Segmentation of Dynamic Total-Body [18F]-FDG PET Images Using Unsupervised Clustering","display_name":"Segmentation of Dynamic Total-Body [18F]-FDG PET Images Using Unsupervised Clustering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389348659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38089593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/3819587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819587","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2023/3819587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108408918","display_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","issn_l":"1687-4188","issn":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2023/3819587.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059242392","display_name":"Maria K. Jaakkola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7199-0062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801970007","display_name":"Turku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbzj528","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria K. Jaakkola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7199-0062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I2801970007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050318421","display_name":"Maria Rantala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Rantala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092254154","display_name":"Anna Jalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Jalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-3749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085007917","display_name":"Teemu Saari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-6906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801970007","display_name":"Turku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbzj528","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teemu Saari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-6906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I2801970007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001568926","display_name":"Jaakko Hentil\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-8827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Hentil\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-8827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055430210","display_name":"Jatta S. Helin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatta S. Helin","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-4870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037166056","display_name":"Tuuli A. Nissinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-6083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuuli A. Nissinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-6083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002160532","display_name":"Olli Eskola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olli Eskola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-5662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051704502","display_name":"Johan Rajander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Rajander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-0963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I4210105428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065855094","display_name":"Kirsi A. Virtanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801970007","display_name":"Turku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbzj528","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsi A. Virtanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I2801970007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006914093","display_name":"Jarna C. Hannukainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-4049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarna C. Hannukainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-4049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062333734","display_name":"Francisco R. Lopez\u2010Picon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-1735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco L\u00f3pez-Pic\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-1735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063909760","display_name":"Riku Kl\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801970007","display_name":"Turku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbzj528","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105428","display_name":"Turku PET Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01761e930","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899","https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Riku Kl\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-8360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I2801970007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105428","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063909760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961","https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210105428"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":1.0489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78506652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7143546938896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6771955490112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6085585951805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46023061871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46017590165138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37567538022994995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7143546938896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6771955490112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6085585951805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46023061871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46017590165138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37567538022994995}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/3819587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819587","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2023/3819587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108408918","display_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","issn_l":"1687-4188","issn":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38089593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38089593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of biomedical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10715853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10715853","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10715853/pdf/IJBI2023-3819587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Biomed Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e9c451e0-dd5e-4375-a8a7-0acb457753ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.abo.fi/en/publications/e9c451e0-dd5e-4375-a8a7-0acb457753ec","pdf_url":"https://research.abo.fi/ws/files/58901392/3819587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923060","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jaakkola, M K, Rantala, M, Jalo, A, Saari, T, Hentil\u00e4, J, Helin, J S, Nissinen, T A, Eskola, O, Rajander, J, Virtanen, K A, Hannukainen, J C, L\u00f3pez-Pic\u00f3n, F & Kl\u00e9n, R 2023, 'Segmentation of Dynamic Total-Body [18F]-FDG PET Images Using Unsupervised Clustering', International journal of biomedical imaging, vol. 2023, 3819587. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819587","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6aa8f6b2dabe4568b37638f9a31ae1fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6aa8f6b2dabe4568b37638f9a31ae1fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging, Vol 2023 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/3819587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819587","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2023/3819587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108408918","display_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","issn_l":"1687-4188","issn":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3252447169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"317332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321726","funder_display_name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3541371239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"317332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323760","funder_display_name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3974863287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323760","funder_display_name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4631338248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321726","funder_display_name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5646179636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G589794413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"317332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8870472218","display_name":"HUMAN BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE, CENTRAL OBESITY AND IMMUNE SYSTEM","funder_award_id":"343410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321726","display_name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","ror":"https://ror.org/027xav248"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323313","display_name":"Turun Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323760","display_name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/00ckakm23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325755","display_name":"Varsinais-Suomen Sairaanhoitopiiri","ror":"https://ror.org/036bxpj43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335019","display_name":"Varsinais-Suomen Rahasto","ror":"https://ror.org/027xav248"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389348659.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78661028","https://openalex.org/W188400105","https://openalex.org/W1511466228","https://openalex.org/W1515726036","https://openalex.org/W1967362871","https://openalex.org/W1978708231","https://openalex.org/W1990111127","https://openalex.org/W2011027137","https://openalex.org/W2019363017","https://openalex.org/W2038546697","https://openalex.org/W2057261601","https://openalex.org/W2060124482","https://openalex.org/W2083793124","https://openalex.org/W2091115339","https://openalex.org/W2097363333","https://openalex.org/W2100858680","https://openalex.org/W2105724384","https://openalex.org/W2108090472","https://openalex.org/W2115212575","https://openalex.org/W2117756735","https://openalex.org/W2119533052","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2132809642","https://openalex.org/W2141270601","https://openalex.org/W2146610201","https://openalex.org/W2160216597","https://openalex.org/W2161281052","https://openalex.org/W2475801846","https://openalex.org/W2478727422","https://openalex.org/W2794971039","https://openalex.org/W2795008422","https://openalex.org/W2805133409","https://openalex.org/W2902972155","https://openalex.org/W2935204464","https://openalex.org/W2941458854","https://openalex.org/W2954020511","https://openalex.org/W2963043051","https://openalex.org/W3080758677","https://openalex.org/W3087050846","https://openalex.org/W3093550081","https://openalex.org/W3094453203","https://openalex.org/W3100265539","https://openalex.org/W3110082947","https://openalex.org/W3119087862","https://openalex.org/W3169059866","https://openalex.org/W3198960423","https://openalex.org/W4226451713","https://openalex.org/W4255040454","https://openalex.org/W4280498742","https://openalex.org/W4283772197","https://openalex.org/W4293152485","https://openalex.org/W4310640231","https://openalex.org/W4312090234","https://openalex.org/W4324135121","https://openalex.org/W4327770221","https://openalex.org/W4367172930","https://openalex.org/W4381891606","https://openalex.org/W4389348659","https://openalex.org/W4393039554","https://openalex.org/W6607638579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W1926736923","https://openalex.org/W2158836806","https://openalex.org/W2393816671","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clustering":[0],"time":[1],"activity":[2],"curves":[3],"of":[4,15,65,73,87,120,166,220,273,323,454],"PET":[5,21,45,53,74,105,156,194,213,289,321,331,467],"images":[6,75,106,290,322,332,339],"have":[7],"been":[8],"used":[9,95,126,163,223],"to":[10,32,39,50,181,325,340,350,383],"separate":[11],"clinically":[12,67],"relevant":[13],"areas":[14],"the":[16,33,43,48,93,147,154,167,190,207,221,283,287,295,309,327,346,351,371,395,399,412,422,425,434,442],"brain":[17],"or":[18,141],"tumours.":[19],"However,":[20,419],"image":[22,136,195],"segmentation":[23,72,96,148,460],"in":[24,107,291],"multiorgan":[25],"level":[26],"is":[27,112,149,180,451],"much":[28],"less":[29],"studied":[30],"due":[31],"available":[34],"total-body":[35,52,104,193,212,318,338,466],"data":[36,122,348],"being":[37],"limited":[38],"animal":[40],"studies.":[41],"Now,":[42],"new":[44,66],"scanners":[46],"providing":[47],"opportunity":[49],"acquire":[51],"scans":[54],"also":[55],"from":[56,210,345],"humans":[57],"are":[58,98,118,143,161,187,381],"becoming":[59],"more":[60,168],"common,":[61],"which":[62],"opens":[63],"plenty":[64],"interesting":[68],"opportunities.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"organ-level":[71],"has":[76,367],"important":[77],"applications,":[78],"yet":[79],"it":[80,391],"lacks":[81],"sufficient":[82],"research.":[83],"In":[84,312],"this":[85,313],"proof":[86],"concept":[88],"study,":[89,314],"we":[90,198,268,279,315,447],"evaluate":[91,182],"if":[92,183],"previously":[94],"approaches":[97,285,297,376],"suitable":[99,271],"for":[100,127,189,206,241,416,433,441],"segmenting":[101],"dynamic":[102,155,465],"human":[103,192,211,330,337,352],"organ":[108,292,437],"level.":[109],"Our":[110,354],"focus":[111],"on":[113,153],"general-purpose":[114,459],"unsupervised":[115],"methods":[116,160,170,174,200],"that":[117,201,342,357,378,449,462],"independent":[119,263],"external":[121],"and":[123,131,177,236,262,302,333,377,438,456],"can":[124,463],"be":[125],"all":[128],"tracers,":[129],"organisms,":[130],"health":[132],"conditions.":[133],"Additional":[134],"anatomical":[135],"modalities,":[137],"such":[138],"as":[139,175],"CT":[140],"MRI,":[142],"not":[144],"used,":[145],"but":[146],"done":[150],"purely":[151],"based":[152],"images.":[157,277,468],"The":[158],"tested":[159,280,400,436],"commonly":[162,222],"building":[164],"blocks":[165],"sophisticated":[169],"rather":[171],"than":[172,370,385],"final":[173],"such,":[176],"our":[178,343],"goal":[179],"these":[184],"basic":[185],"tools":[186],"suited":[188],"arising":[191],"segmentation.":[196],"First,":[197],"excluded":[199],"were":[202],"computationally":[203,374,457],"too":[204],"demanding":[205],"large":[208,329],"datasets":[209],"scanners.":[214],"These":[215],"criteria":[216],"filtered":[217],"out":[218],"most":[219,413,443],"approaches,":[224,256,401],"leaving":[225],"only":[226],"two":[227,253,373],"clustering":[228],"methods,":[229,424],"<a:math":[230],"xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[231],"id=\"M1\">":[232],"<a:mi>k</a:mi>":[233],"</a:math>":[234],"-means":[235,251,366,408],"Gaussian":[237],"mixture":[238],"model":[239],"(GMM),":[240],"further":[242,305,417],"analyses.":[243],"We":[244],"combined":[245,359,409],"<c:math":[246],"xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[247],"id=\"M2\">":[248],"<c:mi>k</c:mi>":[249],"</c:math>":[250],"with":[252,299,360,410,421],"different":[254],"preprocessing":[255],"namely,":[257],"principal":[258],"component":[259,264],"analysis":[260,265],"(PCA)":[261],"(ICA).":[266],"Then,":[267],"selected":[269],"a":[270,334,452],"number":[272],"clusters":[274],"using":[275],"10":[276],"Finally,":[278],"how":[281,304],"well":[282],"usable":[284,375],"segment":[286,384],"remaining":[288],"level,":[293],"highlight":[294],"best":[296,423],"together":[298],"their":[300],"limitations,":[301],"discuss":[303],"research":[306],"could":[307],"tackle":[308],"observed":[310],"shortcomings.":[311],"utilised":[316],"40":[317],"[18F]":[319],"fluorodeoxyglucose":[320],"rats":[324],"mimic":[326],"coming":[328],"few":[335],"actual":[336],"ensure":[341],"conclusions":[344],"rat":[347],"generalise":[349],"data.":[353],"results":[355],"show":[356],"ICA":[358],"<e:math":[361],"xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[362],"id=\"M3\">":[363],"<e:mi>k</e:mi>":[364],"</e:math>":[365],"weaker":[368],"performance":[369],"other":[372],"certain":[379],"organs":[380],"easier":[382],"others.":[386],"While":[387],"GMM":[388],"performed":[389],"sufficiently,":[390],"was":[392,429],"by":[393],"far":[394],"slowest":[396],"one":[397],"among":[398],"making":[402],"<g:math":[403],"xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[404],"id=\"M4\">":[405],"<g:mi>k</g:mi>":[406],"</g:math>":[407],"PCA":[411],"promising":[414],"candidate":[415],"development.":[418],"even":[420],"mean":[426],"Jaccard":[427],"index":[428],"slightly":[430],"below":[431,439],"0.5":[432],"easiest":[435],"0.2":[440],"challenging":[444],"organ.":[445],"Thus,":[446],"conclude":[448],"there":[450],"lack":[453],"accurate":[455],"light":[458],"method":[461],"analyse":[464]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2023-12-06T00:00:00"}