{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366583098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2850370","title":"Fine\u2010Grained Guided Model Fusion Network with Attention Mechanism for Infrared Small Target Segmentation","display_name":"Fine\u2010Grained Guided Model Fusion Network with Attention Mechanism for Infrared Small Target Segmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366583098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2850370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/2850370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2850370","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/2850370.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/2850370.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456146","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-7480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045424589","display_name":"Yuze Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-2724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109123751","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6425-3513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069443","display_name":"Chunling Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-1801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunling Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110181074","display_name":"P. Rolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-0805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801780664","display_name":"Maidstone Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/047v2cv91","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517883","https://openalex.org/I2801780664"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Rolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford BioHorizons Ltd, Maidstone","Oxford BioHorizons Ltd, Maidstone, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford BioHorizons Ltd, Maidstone","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801780664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford BioHorizons Ltd, Maidstone, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100456146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I4210161462"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":3.1669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92566555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7992600202560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7194182872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6293895840644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.608893632888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5702712535858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5318654775619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5110560655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.477205365896225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"Attention network","score":0.45174455642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4505510926246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.41353312134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0803665816783905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7992600202560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7194182872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6293895840644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.608893632888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5702712535858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5318654775619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5110560655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.477205365896225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.45174455642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4505510926246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.41353312134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0803665816783905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/2850370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2850370","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/2850370.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/2850370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2850370","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/2850370.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6226788064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366583098.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1996021349","https://openalex.org/W2006644759","https://openalex.org/W2016672713","https://openalex.org/W2025112904","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2067927985","https://openalex.org/W2071469153","https://openalex.org/W2071730188","https://openalex.org/W2079657870","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2096579040","https://openalex.org/W2113511941","https://openalex.org/W2114712988","https://openalex.org/W2116719896","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2137089267","https://openalex.org/W2161984370","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2600025239","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2780677785","https://openalex.org/W2803108972","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2901648353","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W2949713543","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2969331247","https://openalex.org/W2979389376","https://openalex.org/W2983299471","https://openalex.org/W2999295839","https://openalex.org/W3003908143","https://openalex.org/W3015304398","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3017347451","https://openalex.org/W3047791393","https://openalex.org/W3087883562","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3133604706","https://openalex.org/W3133742914","https://openalex.org/W3152390103","https://openalex.org/W3154206785","https://openalex.org/W3159313141","https://openalex.org/W3194894013","https://openalex.org/W4212819644","https://openalex.org/W4214819464","https://openalex.org/W4281646369","https://openalex.org/W4282972322","https://openalex.org/W4285259796","https://openalex.org/W4296252836","https://openalex.org/W4308193099","https://openalex.org/W4312827004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079133310","https://openalex.org/W2372403409","https://openalex.org/W4242726756","https://openalex.org/W2099421762","https://openalex.org/W2530546662","https://openalex.org/W2967030268","https://openalex.org/W2185253430","https://openalex.org/W4210345652","https://openalex.org/W144832045","https://openalex.org/W3205103124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,34,61],"target":[2,35,100],"segmentation":[3],"plays":[4],"an":[5,69],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,128],"infrared":[9,33],"guidance":[10],"systems.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"a":[15],"fine\u2010grained":[16],"guided":[17],"model":[18],"fusion":[19],"network":[20,107],"with":[21,118],"attention":[22,114],"mechanism":[23],"(FAMNet)":[24],"is":[25,51,103],"proposed":[26,52,123],"for":[27,53],"improving":[28],"the":[29,32,55,85,89,92,99,106,122],"performance":[30],"of":[31,57,75,91,130],"segmentation.":[36],"An":[37],"autonomous":[38],"traditional":[39],"feature":[40,58],"extraction":[41,59],"algorithm":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44],"information":[45,97],"entropy":[46],"and":[47,101,133],"four\u2010directional":[48],"gradient":[49],"contrast":[50],"solving":[54],"difficulty":[56],"from":[60,68,98],"targets.":[62],"The":[63,72],"deep":[64],"features":[65,76],"are":[66,77],"extracted":[67],"improved":[70],"U\u2010Net.":[71],"two":[73,93],"kinds":[74],"fused":[78],"by":[79,108],"channel":[80],"shuffle,":[81],"which":[82],"could":[83],"enhance":[84],"communication":[86],"efficiency":[87],"between":[88],"channels":[90],"features.":[94],"More":[95],"context":[96],"background":[102],"introduced":[104],"into":[105],"cross":[109],"layer":[110],"parallelization":[111],"convolutional":[112],"block":[113],"module":[115],"(CLPCBAM).":[116],"Compared":[117],"some":[119],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[120],"techniques,":[121],"FAMNet":[124],"performs":[125],"significantly":[126],"better":[127],"terms":[129],"IoU,":[131],"nIoU,":[132],"F1\u2010score":[134],"comprehensively.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}