{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388017172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1202315","title":"Multigranularity Pruning Model for Subject Recognition Task under Knowledge Base Question Answering When General Models Fail","display_name":"Multigranularity Pruning Model for Subject Recognition Task under Knowledge Base Question Answering When General Models Fail","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388017172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1202315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/1202315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1202315","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/1202315.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/1202315.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451882","display_name":"Ziming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-8742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760650","display_name":"Xirong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-3031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xirong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-3031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708612","display_name":"Xiaoying Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-6903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoying Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742023","display_name":"Haochen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3197-4073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haochen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003257736","display_name":"Xiaopeng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-611X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-611X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046871248","display_name":"Degen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-7805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Degen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100760650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.1325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57643618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7815457582473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7559379935264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.734285295009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.63138747215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.6073150038719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5610703825950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.4930433928966522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.49271753430366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.48088768124580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4722397029399872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuple","display_name":"Tuple","score":0.42840856313705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42459696531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.4224562346935272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4214792847633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precondition","display_name":"Precondition","score":0.41013529896736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33970892429351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13655990362167358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7815457582473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7559379935264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.734285295009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.63138747215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.6073150038719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5610703825950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4930433928966522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49271753430366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48088768124580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4722397029399872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118930307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600590","display_name":"Tuple","level":2,"score":0.42840856313705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42459696531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4224562346935272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4214792847633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192465680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413450","display_name":"Precondition","level":2,"score":0.41013529896736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33970892429351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13655990362167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/1202315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1202315","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/1202315.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/1202315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1202315","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/1202315.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5801928823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8099365547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20491","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8552725528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1908214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388017172.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580074167","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2148721079","https://openalex.org/W2161002933","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2511149293","https://openalex.org/W2797383850","https://openalex.org/W2890484448","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2908230750","https://openalex.org/W2921324918","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2934025569","https://openalex.org/W2941466155","https://openalex.org/W2945601872","https://openalex.org/W2962745909","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2963738886","https://openalex.org/W2969876226","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2972799129","https://openalex.org/W2973049979","https://openalex.org/W2981851019","https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W3090015871","https://openalex.org/W3091091747","https://openalex.org/W3096109555","https://openalex.org/W3096648221","https://openalex.org/W3098862418","https://openalex.org/W3167077707","https://openalex.org/W3168640669","https://openalex.org/W3170356364","https://openalex.org/W3175225269","https://openalex.org/W3175511195","https://openalex.org/W3176006008","https://openalex.org/W3176900753","https://openalex.org/W3183195595","https://openalex.org/W3183494710","https://openalex.org/W3184296067","https://openalex.org/W3186056917","https://openalex.org/W3193344699","https://openalex.org/W4220732108","https://openalex.org/W4221145058","https://openalex.org/W4221163895","https://openalex.org/W4224903910","https://openalex.org/W4226383734","https://openalex.org/W4242177601","https://openalex.org/W4285163232","https://openalex.org/W4285189764","https://openalex.org/W4285297805","https://openalex.org/W4287824654","https://openalex.org/W4287854530","https://openalex.org/W4294791357","https://openalex.org/W4296783454","https://openalex.org/W4300166660","https://openalex.org/W4323338260","https://openalex.org/W4385565449","https://openalex.org/W4387616159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294916142","https://openalex.org/W1988458526","https://openalex.org/W2953046944","https://openalex.org/W1581362285","https://openalex.org/W2185407019","https://openalex.org/W2368102490","https://openalex.org/W2367100904","https://openalex.org/W173870552","https://openalex.org/W2167202928","https://openalex.org/W2604144356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85,107],"general":[1,28,100],"knowledge":[2],"base":[3],"question":[4,98],"answering":[5],"(KBQA)":[6],"models,":[7],"subject":[8],"recognition":[9,31],"(SR)":[10],"is":[11,21,55,79,93,120,148],"usually":[12,56],"a":[13,22,27,48,52,59,71,88,97,105,170,196],"precondition":[14],"of":[15,111,132,173,198],"finding":[16],"an":[17],"answer,":[18],"and":[19,51,58,135,139,157,184,201],"it":[20],"common":[23],"way":[24],"to":[25,37,70,95,103],"employ":[26],"named":[29],"entity":[30,61],"(NER)":[32],"model":[33,66,91,147,164,194],"such":[34],"as":[35],"BERT\u2010CRF":[36,167],"recognize":[38,104],"the":[39,45,64,75,109,116,130,166,176,181,187,192],"subject.":[40,106],"However,":[41],"in":[42,74,115],"previous":[43],"researches,":[44],"difference":[46],"between":[47],"NER":[49,65],"task":[50,54],"SR":[53,171],"ignored,":[57],"wrong":[60,72],"recognized":[62],"by":[63,122,195],"will":[67],"certainly":[68],"lead":[69],"answer":[73,96],"KBQA":[76,83,152],"task,":[77],"which":[78,190],"one":[80],"bottleneck":[81],"for":[82,154],"performance.":[84],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"multigranularity":[89,124],"pruning":[90,125],"(MGPM)":[92],"proposed":[94],"when":[99],"models":[101,153],"fail":[102],"MGPM,":[108],"set":[110],"all":[112],"possible":[113],"subjects":[114],"Knowledge":[117],"Base":[118],"(KB)":[119],"pruned":[121],"4":[123],"submodels":[126],"successively":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129,175,180,186],"constraint":[131],"relation":[133],"(domain":[134],"tuple),":[136],"string":[137],"similarity,":[138],"semantic":[140],"similarity.":[141],"Experimental":[142],"results":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145],"our":[146],"compatible":[149],"with":[150],"various":[151],"both":[155],"single\u2010relation":[156],"complex":[158],"questions":[159],"answering.":[160],"The":[161],"integrated":[162],"MGPM":[163],"(with":[165],"model)":[168],"achieves":[169],"accuracy":[172],"94.4%":[174],"SimpleQuestions":[177],"dataset,":[178,183,189],"68.6%":[179],"WebQuestionsSP":[182],"63.7%":[185],"WebQuestions":[188],"outperforms":[191],"original":[193],"margin":[197],"3.6%,":[199],"8.6%,":[200],"5.3%,":[202],"respectively.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}