{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229009639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6156210","title":"Prediction of Rockburst Intensity Grade in Deep Underground Excavation Using Adaptive Boosting Classifier","display_name":"Prediction of Rockburst Intensity Grade in Deep Underground Excavation Using Adaptive Boosting Classifier","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229009639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6156210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/6156210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6156210","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/6156210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/6156210.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023607633","display_name":"Mahmood Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-1831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154218","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Bannu","ror":"https://ror.org/04be2dn15","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154218"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Selangor 50728, Malaysia","Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Bannu 28100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-1831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Selangor 50728, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Bannu 28100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154218","https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007918340","display_name":"Herda Yati Binti Katman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-8672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Herda Yati Katman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institue of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-8672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institue of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073386468","display_name":"Ramez A. Al-Mansob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramez A. Al-Mansob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Selangor 50728, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-4191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Selangor 50728, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061981146","display_name":"Feezan Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feezan Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018413393","display_name":"Muhammad Safdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-0265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Safdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Engineering Center, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-0265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Engineering Center, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048995704","display_name":"Arnold C. Alguno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-6184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnold C. Alguno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-6184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007918340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"fwci":2.4259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88513129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12482","display_name":"Tunneling and Rock Mechanics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6697218418121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation","display_name":"Excavation","score":0.5493230819702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5012545585632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.47915810346603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4621589481830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4535067081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38850587606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3699401617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.24702757596969604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6697218418121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.5493230819702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5012545585632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.47915810346603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4621589481830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4535067081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38850587606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3699401617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24702757596969604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/6156210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6156210","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/6156210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:97808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.iium.edu.my/97808/1/97808_Prediction%20of%20rockburst%20intensity.pdf","pdf_url":"http://irep.iium.edu.my/97808/1/97808_Prediction%20of%20rockburst%20intensity.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400713","display_name":"The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","host_organization_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:6156210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/6156210.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1e9ca7164b447b1880f87f8f9aad55d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1e9ca7164b447b1880f87f8f9aad55d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2022 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/6156210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6156210","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/6156210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229009639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229009639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971891346","https://openalex.org/W1980604258","https://openalex.org/W2004076523","https://openalex.org/W2005572880","https://openalex.org/W2008824677","https://openalex.org/W2012594398","https://openalex.org/W2040231612","https://openalex.org/W2047072771","https://openalex.org/W2049812048","https://openalex.org/W2062697001","https://openalex.org/W2065161880","https://openalex.org/W2066813588","https://openalex.org/W2074232696","https://openalex.org/W2086282769","https://openalex.org/W2101881769","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2223110200","https://openalex.org/W2361915523","https://openalex.org/W2363455314","https://openalex.org/W2375107067","https://openalex.org/W2379798839","https://openalex.org/W2477869812","https://openalex.org/W2566958870","https://openalex.org/W2763979317","https://openalex.org/W2780440885","https://openalex.org/W2801185666","https://openalex.org/W2806312888","https://openalex.org/W2808823447","https://openalex.org/W2884906228","https://openalex.org/W2884954782","https://openalex.org/W2912651311","https://openalex.org/W2955622536","https://openalex.org/W2980119621","https://openalex.org/W2982171661","https://openalex.org/W3004261385","https://openalex.org/W3016854129","https://openalex.org/W3023943971","https://openalex.org/W3044989460","https://openalex.org/W3049533328","https://openalex.org/W3063184179","https://openalex.org/W3072580731","https://openalex.org/W3087763244","https://openalex.org/W3109353098","https://openalex.org/W3115867105","https://openalex.org/W3155689816","https://openalex.org/W3156765264","https://openalex.org/W3180889545","https://openalex.org/W3186778705","https://openalex.org/W3207964432","https://openalex.org/W3209294725","https://openalex.org/W4205457659","https://openalex.org/W4206908800","https://openalex.org/W4210275588","https://openalex.org/W4253084265","https://openalex.org/W4294214797","https://openalex.org/W6681651645","https://openalex.org/W7061507693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W1549363203","https://openalex.org/W2154063878","https://openalex.org/W4231274751","https://openalex.org/W2556012038","https://openalex.org/W1489772951","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W2571255492","https://openalex.org/W2370241529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rockburst":[0],"phenomenon":[1],"is":[2,117,157],"the":[3,22,61,80,98,102,109,114,131,136,152,160,166,170],"primary":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,79,86,113,169],"many":[7],"fatalities":[8],"and":[9,91,101,124,142],"accidents":[10],"during":[11],"deep":[12],"underground":[13],"projects":[14],"constructions.":[15],"As":[16],"a":[17,27,36,65],"result,":[18],"its":[19],"prediction":[20,161],"at":[21],"early":[23],"design":[24],"stages":[25],"plays":[26],"significant":[28],"role":[29],"in":[30,68],"improving":[31],"safety.":[32],"The":[33,111,128],"article":[34],"describes":[35],"newly":[37],"developed":[38],"model":[39,116],"to":[40,63,150],"predict":[41],"rockburst":[42,54,103,137],"intensity":[43,104,138],"grade":[44,105,139],"using":[45,119],"Adaptive":[46],"Boosting":[47],"(AdaBoost)":[48],"classifier.":[49],"A":[50],"database":[51],"including":[52,122],"165":[53],"case":[55],"histories":[56],"was":[57,106],"collected":[58],"from":[59],"across":[60],"world":[62],"achieve":[64],"comprehensive":[66],"representation,":[67],"which":[69],"four":[70],"key":[71],"influencing":[72],"factors":[73],"such":[74],"as":[75,97,108],"maximum":[76],"tangential":[77],"stress":[78],"excavation":[81],"boundary,":[82],"uniaxial":[83],"compressive":[84],"strength":[85],"rock,":[87],"tensile":[88],"rock":[89],"strength,":[90],"elastic":[92],"energy":[93],"index":[94],"were":[95],"selected":[96,107],"input":[99],"variables,":[100],"output.":[110],"output":[112],"AdaBoost":[115,154],"evaluated":[118],"statistical":[120],"parameters":[121],"accuracy":[123],"Cohen's":[125],"kappa":[126],"index.":[127],"applications":[129,147],"for":[130,134],"aforementioned":[132],"approach":[133],"predicting":[135],"are":[140,148,163],"compared":[141],"discussed.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"two":[145],"real\u2010world":[146],"used":[149],"verify":[151],"proposed":[153],"model.":[155],"It":[156],"found":[158],"that":[159],"results":[162],"consistent":[164],"with":[165],"actual":[167],"conditions":[168],"subsequent":[171],"construction.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}