{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297514155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5748546","title":"Nonintrusive Load Identification for Industrial Users Integrated with LSQR and Sequential Leader Clustering","display_name":"Nonintrusive Load Identification for Industrial Users Integrated with LSQR and Sequential Leader Clustering","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297514155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5748546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/5748546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5748546","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2022/5748546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2022/5748546.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044329926","display_name":"Shuhui Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-9399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050768671","display_name":"Yinglong Diao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2378-6945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinglong Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396417","display_name":"Junjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-6663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439061","display_name":"Tian Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0125-5371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055717985","display_name":"Xiaodong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-7082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-7082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055717985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"],"apc_list":{"value":1450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1450},"apc_paid":{"value":1450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1450},"fwci":0.1963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44065785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.846238374710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6495119333267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.6062473654747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-state","display_name":"Transient state","score":0.6037474870681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5213655233383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","score":0.5149165391921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5084995031356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4949793219566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4631039798259735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4423287808895111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.405825138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2334432601928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1181027889251709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.846238374710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6495119333267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.6062473654747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82756550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient state","level":2,"score":0.6037474870681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5213655233383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8171440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903414","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5149165391921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5084995031356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4949793219566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4631039798259735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4423287808895111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.405825138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2334432601928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1181027889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/5748546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5748546","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2022/5748546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:124a9e4e1dea48df9c77c1168ebfd040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/124a9e4e1dea48df9c77c1168ebfd040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering, Vol 2022 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/5748546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5748546","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2022/5748546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8907265901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5600-202024168A-0-0-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297514155.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297514155.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479651931","https://openalex.org/W1735866749","https://openalex.org/W1969541079","https://openalex.org/W2006478669","https://openalex.org/W2025423356","https://openalex.org/W2087796110","https://openalex.org/W2097897435","https://openalex.org/W2111757915","https://openalex.org/W2123070597","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2130594093","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2255051834","https://openalex.org/W2312071939","https://openalex.org/W2343876537","https://openalex.org/W2370118820","https://openalex.org/W2515519620","https://openalex.org/W2566350933","https://openalex.org/W2750941888","https://openalex.org/W2781427031","https://openalex.org/W2794835514","https://openalex.org/W2913205144","https://openalex.org/W3004165373","https://openalex.org/W3093800736","https://openalex.org/W3099873379","https://openalex.org/W3116106439","https://openalex.org/W3135467839","https://openalex.org/W3135537813","https://openalex.org/W3136831740","https://openalex.org/W4281260116","https://openalex.org/W7026573801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077550944","https://openalex.org/W2890578400","https://openalex.org/W2750849650","https://openalex.org/W2151497195","https://openalex.org/W2159465694","https://openalex.org/W2000593273","https://openalex.org/W2106512568","https://openalex.org/W2030822348","https://openalex.org/W2896281715","https://openalex.org/W1964722880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonintrusive":[0],"load":[1,46,72,266],"identification":[2,47],"for":[3,31],"industrial":[4,68,208,230,265],"users":[5],"can":[6,260],"accurately":[7],"acquire":[8],"the":[9,21,26,52,58,86,89,93,103,107,128,133,142,153,164,176,188,222,225,257,263,281,288],"operation":[10,189],"of":[11,28,67,75,109,115,127,130,145,156,169,190,206,215,224,229],"each":[12],"load.":[13],"However,":[14],"it":[15],"is":[16,38,49,179,200,251,273,277],"a":[17,44,233],"major":[18],"challenge":[19],"in":[20],"demand-side":[22],"response":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,181,186,202,220],"hardship":[27],"collection":[29],"data":[30,228],"modelling,":[32],"and":[33,77,92,122,138,149,160,210,244,248,268,287],"high":[34],"precision":[35],"measuring":[36],"equipment":[37],"required.":[39],"Aiming":[40],"at":[41,193],"this":[42,174],"situation,":[43],"nonintrusive":[45,264],"method":[48],"proposed,":[50],"combining":[51],"least":[53,269],"square":[54,96],"QR":[55],"(LSQR)":[56],"with":[57],"sequential":[59,196],"leader":[60,197],"clustering":[61,198],"algorithm.":[62],"Firstly,":[63],"regarding":[64],"accurate":[65],"depiction":[66],"loads,":[69],"some":[70],"appropriate":[71],"feature":[73,104,113],"indices":[74,114],"steady-state":[76,84],"transient":[78,110,124,131,140,151,162,170,204],"processes":[79],"are":[80,100,118,236],"extracted,":[81],"respectively.":[82],"For":[83],"processes,":[85,111],"active":[87,146],"power,":[88,91],"reactive":[90,157],"root":[94],"mean":[95],"(RMS)":[97],"current":[98,135,167],"value":[99,136,144,155,168],"selected":[101],"as":[102],"indices.":[105],"In":[106],"case":[108],"ten":[112],"three":[116],"stages":[117],"employed:":[119],"before,":[120],"during,":[121],"after":[123,139,150,161],"events,":[125,132,141,152,163,171],"consisting":[126],"duration":[129],"RMS":[134,166],"before":[137,148,159],"average":[143,154],"power":[147,158,185],"maximum":[165],"etc.":[172],"On":[173],"base,":[175],"LSQR":[177],"algorithm":[178,199],"proposed":[180,259],"decompose":[182],"unknown":[183],"composite":[184],"access":[187],"various":[191],"loads":[192,209,216,231],"steady-state.":[194],"The":[195,253],"propounded":[201],"classify":[203],"events":[205],"typical":[207],"further":[211],"identify":[212],"which":[213,276],"kind":[214],"had":[217],"switched.":[218],"Finally,":[219],"validate":[221],"effectiveness":[223],"presented":[226],"model,":[227],"from":[232],"concrete":[234],"plant":[235],"collected,":[237],"including":[238],"blender,":[239],"cement":[240],"screw,":[241],"sewage":[242],"dump,":[243],"inclined":[245],"belt":[246],"conveyor,":[247],"simulation":[249],"analysis":[250],"fulfilled.":[252],"results":[254],"indicate":[255],"that":[256],"model":[258,285],"effectively":[261],"achieve":[262],"identification,":[267],"unified":[270],"residue":[271],"(LUR)":[272],"about":[274],"10\u221216,":[275],"much":[278],"better":[279],"than":[280],"factorial":[282],"hidden":[283],"Markov":[284],"(FHMM)":[286],"artificial":[289],"neural":[290],"network":[291],"(ANN)":[292],"model.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}