{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280566761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5433474","title":"Compressive Strength Prediction Using Coupled Deep Learning Model with Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm: Environmentally Friendly Concrete Incorporating Recycled Aggregate","display_name":"Compressive Strength Prediction Using Coupled Deep Learning Model with Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm: Environmentally Friendly Concrete Incorporating Recycled Aggregate","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280566761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5433474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/5433474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5433474","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/5433474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/5433474.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031737759","display_name":"Mayadah W. Falah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-6219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3040621137","display_name":"Alsalam University College","ror":"https://ror.org/0047hkh43","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573189","display_name":"Al-Mustaqbal University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a3xe97","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573189"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayadah W. Falah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq mustaqbal-college.edu.iq","Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-6219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq mustaqbal-college.edu.iq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915","https://openalex.org/I3040621137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014981098","display_name":"Sadaam Hadee Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800838116","display_name":"University of Al Maarif","ror":"https://ror.org/05scxf493","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800838116"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadaam Hadee Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi 31001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-0049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi 31001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800838116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050181300","display_name":"Mohammed Ayad Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-2647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102254642","display_name":"University of Kirkuk","ror":"https://ror.org/01pk8rb11","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102254642"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ayad Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Instrumentations Technique Engineering, Alkitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-2647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Instrumentations Technique Engineering, Alkitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102254642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083515355","display_name":"Zainab Hasan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-8164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Hasan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba 32001, Iraq uodiyala.edu.iq","Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba 32001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-8164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba 32001, Iraq uodiyala.edu.iq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba 32001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048206291","display_name":"Tan Huy Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-4733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tan Huy Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam tdtu.edu.vn","Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-4733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam tdtu.edu.vn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067907286","display_name":"Rania M. Ghoniem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rania M. Ghoniem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia pnu.edu.sa","Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-7402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia pnu.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519359","display_name":"Ahmed A. Ewees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-7055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126427551","display_name":"Damietta University","ror":"https://ror.org/035h3r191","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136004","display_name":"University of Bisha","ror":"https://ror.org/040548g92","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed A. Ewees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt du.edu.eg","Department of e-Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia ub.edu.sa","Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt","Department of e-Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-7055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt du.edu.eg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of e-Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia ub.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of e-Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048206291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"fwci":2.5697,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89055393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmentally-friendly","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","score":0.8495836853981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.6962215900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.5986353158950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5291376709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49628669023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.41029056906700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33896636962890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2949599623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2575416564941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.16174376010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.07454568147659302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.8495836853981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.6962215900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.5986353158950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5291376709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49628669023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.41029056906700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33896636962890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2949599623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2575416564941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16174376010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.07454568147659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/5433474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5433474","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/5433474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:5433474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/5433474.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1b04a769ea7485ebe09502a0618aa4e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1b04a769ea7485ebe09502a0618aa4e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2022 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/5433474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5433474","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/5433474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5340964627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2022R138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280566761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280566761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930624869","https://openalex.org/W1985479415","https://openalex.org/W1991448354","https://openalex.org/W1992984973","https://openalex.org/W2019845453","https://openalex.org/W2024139550","https://openalex.org/W2102201073","https://openalex.org/W2121971770","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2138763184","https://openalex.org/W2158054309","https://openalex.org/W2277936752","https://openalex.org/W2525713298","https://openalex.org/W2548020712","https://openalex.org/W2569542951","https://openalex.org/W2625709058","https://openalex.org/W2737281699","https://openalex.org/W2755302004","https://openalex.org/W2758887415","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2794137295","https://openalex.org/W2797855141","https://openalex.org/W2890544329","https://openalex.org/W2895154065","https://openalex.org/W2904672395","https://openalex.org/W2904884955","https://openalex.org/W2914790694","https://openalex.org/W2917534164","https://openalex.org/W2921791373","https://openalex.org/W2922302395","https://openalex.org/W2937675841","https://openalex.org/W2947666609","https://openalex.org/W2965920225","https://openalex.org/W2970422318","https://openalex.org/W2970988752","https://openalex.org/W2976353133","https://openalex.org/W2977585128","https://openalex.org/W3007902652","https://openalex.org/W3008927312","https://openalex.org/W3009425669","https://openalex.org/W3011007618","https://openalex.org/W3011340481","https://openalex.org/W3011540643","https://openalex.org/W3012153396","https://openalex.org/W3015122596","https://openalex.org/W3020760683","https://openalex.org/W3021324573","https://openalex.org/W3021553320","https://openalex.org/W3025478564","https://openalex.org/W3047535546","https://openalex.org/W3047812935","https://openalex.org/W3080952128","https://openalex.org/W3081540683","https://openalex.org/W3084888580","https://openalex.org/W3087502403","https://openalex.org/W3090938765","https://openalex.org/W3094556934","https://openalex.org/W3097360280","https://openalex.org/W3101095738","https://openalex.org/W3108412027","https://openalex.org/W3119777031","https://openalex.org/W3123060870","https://openalex.org/W3126673331","https://openalex.org/W3128759053","https://openalex.org/W3129045180","https://openalex.org/W3131360119","https://openalex.org/W3131500383","https://openalex.org/W3135154632","https://openalex.org/W3138412289","https://openalex.org/W3155230509","https://openalex.org/W3155310350","https://openalex.org/W3157977049","https://openalex.org/W3159995911","https://openalex.org/W3178092824","https://openalex.org/W3184054046","https://openalex.org/W3184185489","https://openalex.org/W3193642949","https://openalex.org/W3195678250","https://openalex.org/W3196739012","https://openalex.org/W3198962829","https://openalex.org/W3201555097","https://openalex.org/W3207286568","https://openalex.org/W3211798681","https://openalex.org/W4200470394","https://openalex.org/W4210750266","https://openalex.org/W4298861651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967733078","https://openalex.org/W3204430031","https://openalex.org/W3137904399","https://openalex.org/W4310492845","https://openalex.org/W2885778889","https://openalex.org/W4310224730","https://openalex.org/W2766514146","https://openalex.org/W4289703016","https://openalex.org/W2885516856","https://openalex.org/W3094138326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,95,186,212],"application":[1],"of":[2,22,26,30,51,64,66,112,119,156,174,201,217,231,238,255,258],"recycled":[3,36],"aggregate":[4,37],"as":[5,248],"a":[6,14,249],"sustainable":[7,42],"material":[8],"in":[9,203,226],"construction":[10],"projects":[11],"is":[12,38,59,72],"considered":[13],"promising":[15],"approach":[16,58,71,251],"to":[17,74,108,135,152,234],"decrease":[18],"the":[19,49,52,62,75,110,117,120,131,137,141,154,157,163,167,171,190,199,204,215,218,222,228,235,239,242],"carbon":[20],"footprint":[21],"concrete":[23,34,44],"structures.":[24],"Prediction":[25],"compressive":[27],"strength":[28],"(CS)":[29],"environmentally":[31],"friendly":[32],"(EF)":[33],"containing":[35],"important":[39],"for":[40,106,252],"understanding":[41],"structures\u2019":[43],"behaviour.":[45],"In":[46,160],"this":[47,161],"research,":[48],"capability":[50],"deep":[53],"learning":[54,88],"neural":[55],"network":[56],"(DLNN)":[57],"examined":[60],"on":[61,116,140],"simulation":[63],"CS":[65,142,256],"EF":[67,259],"concrete.":[68,232,260],"developed":[70,121,132,243],"compared":[73],"well\u2010known":[76],"artificial":[77],"intelligence":[78],"(AI)":[79],"approaches":[80],"named":[81],"multivariate":[82],"adaptive":[83],"regression":[84],"spline":[85],"(MARS),":[86],"extreme":[87],"machines":[89],"(ELMs),":[90],"and":[91,104,147,207],"random":[92],"forests":[93],"(RFs).":[94],"dataset":[96],"was":[97,128],"divided":[98],"into":[99],"three":[100],"scenarios":[101],"70%\u201030%,":[102],"80%\u201020%,":[103],"90%\u201010%":[105,209],"training/testing":[107],"explore":[109],"impact":[111],"data":[113,210],"division":[114],"percentage":[115],"capacity":[118],"AI":[122,133,224],"model.":[123],"Extreme":[124],"gradient":[125],"boosting":[126],"(XGBoost)":[127],"integrated":[129],"with":[130,177],"models":[134,225],"select":[136],"influencing":[138],"variables":[139,202],"prediction.":[143],"Several":[144],"statistical":[145],"measures":[146],"graphical":[148],"methods":[149],"were":[150],"generated":[151],"evaluate":[153],"efficiency":[155],"presented":[158],"models.":[159],"regard,":[162],"results":[164,213],"confirmed":[165],"that":[166,189],"DLNN":[168,219,240],"model":[169,220],"attained":[170,196],"highest":[172,191],"value":[173],"prediction":[175,192,205,257],"performance":[176,193],"minimal":[178],"root":[179],"mean":[180],"squared":[181],"error":[182],"(RMSE":[183],"=":[184],"2.23).":[185],"study":[187],"revealed":[188],"could":[194],"be":[195,246],"by":[197],"increasing":[198],"number":[200],"problem":[206],"using":[208],"division.":[211],"demonstrated":[214],"robustness":[216],"over":[221],"other":[223],"handling":[227],"complex":[229],"behaviour":[230],"Due":[233],"high":[236],"accuracy":[237],"model,":[241],"method":[244],"can":[245],"used":[247],"practical":[250],"future":[253],"use":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}