{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206735239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4190023","title":"Early Detection of Cognitive Decline Using Machine Learning Algorithm and Cognitive Ability Test","display_name":"Early Detection of Cognitive Decline Using Machine Learning Algorithm and Cognitive Ability Test","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206735239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4190023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/4190023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4190023","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2022/4190023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2022/4190023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048791318","display_name":"A. Revathi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Revathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Intelligence, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-1473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Intelligence, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101648692","display_name":"Kaladevi Ramar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-6116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Kaladevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-6116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030455631","display_name":"Kadiyala Ramana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-846X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kadiyala Ramana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-846X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037977430","display_name":"Rutvij H. Jhaveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-7346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33586908","display_name":"Pandit Deendayal Energy University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nsv5p42","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rutvij H. Jhaveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-7346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022103625","display_name":"M. Rudra Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-5759"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madapuri Rudra Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-5759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011119199","display_name":"M. Sankara Prasanna Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sankara Prasanna Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-0764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037977430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33586908"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":10.2731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99088703,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"Dementia","score":0.722292959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6967266201972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"Cognitive decline","score":0.6170449256896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6067606210708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5682171583175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5543901324272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.5279406905174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinomial-logistic-regression","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","score":0.5273143649101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"Life expectancy","score":0.46353864669799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4528071880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4343971014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43302056193351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factor","display_name":"Risk factor","score":0.4214992821216583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4100411534309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3969029188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.36389344930648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.35799679160118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.293154239654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.2013852596282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.10407209396362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08935481309890747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.722292959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6967266201972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.6170449256896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6067606210708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5682171583175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5543901324272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5279406905174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5273143649101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.46353864669799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4528071880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4343971014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43302056193351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4214992821216583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4100411534309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3969029188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36389344930648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.35799679160118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.293154239654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2013852596282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10407209396362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08935481309890747}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/4190023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4190023","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2022/4190023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ddf854dded240dbac9e31c77166e5d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ddf854dded240dbac9e31c77166e5d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2022 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/4190023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4190023","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2022/4190023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206735239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206735239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186945889","https://openalex.org/W1543881151","https://openalex.org/W1704947773","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1910549955","https://openalex.org/W1964681516","https://openalex.org/W1999864520","https://openalex.org/W2001299015","https://openalex.org/W2004449178","https://openalex.org/W2006346552","https://openalex.org/W2078251961","https://openalex.org/W2100487843","https://openalex.org/W2139496035","https://openalex.org/W2165773859","https://openalex.org/W2560896611","https://openalex.org/W2591456876","https://openalex.org/W2593921779","https://openalex.org/W2783359685","https://openalex.org/W2789337348","https://openalex.org/W2805310225","https://openalex.org/W2806702021","https://openalex.org/W2884234047","https://openalex.org/W2886568032","https://openalex.org/W2890991727","https://openalex.org/W2905442369","https://openalex.org/W2955374087","https://openalex.org/W3005147719","https://openalex.org/W3013879439","https://openalex.org/W3038780555","https://openalex.org/W3080525942","https://openalex.org/W3081410751","https://openalex.org/W3092619605","https://openalex.org/W3095681026","https://openalex.org/W3194580328","https://openalex.org/W3198679646","https://openalex.org/W4234891114","https://openalex.org/W6842214179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494119046","https://openalex.org/W1506113033","https://openalex.org/W2369306031","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W16271281","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W40019356","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W2889302474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elderly":[0],"people":[1,53],"are":[2,67,92,103],"the":[3,6,9,31,38,46,68,93,97,126,142,154,157,161,164,171,190,200,204],"assets":[4],"of":[5,20,144,160,166,192,215,223,231,236,249,254],"country":[7],"and":[8,15,27,65,89,101,135,146,211,225],"government":[10],"can":[11],"ensure":[12],"their":[13,59,196],"peaceful":[14],"healthier":[16],"life.":[17],"Life":[18],"expectancy":[19],"individuals":[21],"has":[22],"expanded":[23],"with":[24,110,163,220,228],"technological":[25],"advancements":[26],"survey":[28],"tells":[29],"that":[30],"elderly":[32,52],"population":[33],"will":[34],"become":[35],"double":[36],"in":[37,58,84,195],"year":[39],"2030.":[40],"The":[41,243],"noninfectious":[42],"cognitive":[43,72,151,158,193],"dysfunction":[44],"is":[45,80,168,183,241],"most":[47],"important":[48],"risk":[49,107,201,253],"factor":[50,202],"among":[51],"due":[54],"to":[55,82,121,140,185,188],"a":[56,117,131,136,250],"decline":[57,194],"physiological":[60],"function.":[61],"Alzheimer,":[62],"Vascular":[63],"Dementia,":[64],"Dementia":[66,167],"key":[69],"reasons":[70],"for":[71,96],"inabilities.":[73],"These":[74],"diseases":[75],"require":[76],"manual":[77],"assistance,":[78],"which":[79],"difficult":[81],"provide":[83],"this":[85],"fast-growing":[86],"world.":[87],"Prevention":[88],"early":[90,247],"detection":[91],"wise":[94],"solution":[95],"above":[98],"diseases.":[99],"Diabetes":[100],"hypertension":[102],"considered":[104],"as":[105],"main":[106],"factors":[108],"allied":[109],"Alzheimer's":[111,255],"disease.":[112],"Our":[113],"proposed":[114,244],"work":[115,245],"applies":[116],"two-stage":[118],"classification":[119],"technique":[120],"improve":[122],"prediction":[123,248],"accuracy.":[124],"In":[125,153],"first":[127],"stage,":[128,156],"we":[129],"train":[130],"Support":[132],"vector":[133],"machine":[134],"Random":[137,226],"Forest":[138,227],"algorithm":[139,182,235],"analyze":[141],"influence":[143],"diabetes":[145],"high":[147],"blood":[148],"pressure":[149],"on":[150],"decline.":[152],"second":[155],"function":[159],"person":[162,251],"possibility":[165,191],"assessed":[169],"using":[170,203,257],"neuropsychological":[172],"test":[173],"called":[174],"Cognitive":[175],"Ability":[176],"Test":[177],"(CAT).":[178],"Multinomial":[179,233],"Logistic":[180,234],"Regression":[181],"applied":[184],"CAT":[186],"results":[187],"predict":[189],"postlife.":[197],"We":[198],"classified":[199],"operational":[205],"definitions:":[206],"\u201cNo":[207],"Alzheimer\u2019s,\u201d":[208,210],"\u201cUncertain":[209],"\u201cDefinite":[212],"Alzheimer\u2019s\u201d.":[213],"SVM":[214],"stage":[216,237],"1":[217],"classifier":[218,239],"predicts":[219],"an":[221,229],"accuracy":[222,230,240],"0.86":[224],"0.71.":[232],"2":[238],"0.89.":[242],"enables":[246],"at":[252],"Disease":[256],"clinical":[258],"data.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
