{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206630053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103022","title":"Fusion Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Heterogeneous Military Entity Recognition","display_name":"Fusion Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Heterogeneous Military Entity Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206630053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/1103022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103022","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2022/1103022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2022/1103022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677518","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001863618","display_name":"Lin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640665","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-1059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101939976","display_name":"Ming Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-1627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100640665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":1.1104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80730958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9652000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7723294496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7078600525856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6371659636497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5773761868476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5105241537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4881892800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46034693717956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.46003255248069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44132450222969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.43945884704589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4250980019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.422893762588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12622255086898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11371928453445435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7723294496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7078600525856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6371659636497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5773761868476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5105241537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4881892800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46034693717956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.46003255248069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44132450222969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.43945884704589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4250980019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.422893762588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12622255086898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11371928453445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/1103022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103022","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2022/1103022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18b96b21228e4f13a06ff0780847645d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18b96b21228e4f13a06ff0780847645d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2022 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/1103022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103022","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2022/1103022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030376154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2250180295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6806802732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206630053.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206630053.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889607075","https://openalex.org/W2899231832","https://openalex.org/W2904759072","https://openalex.org/W2931252866","https://openalex.org/W2937386704","https://openalex.org/W2962904552","https://openalex.org/W3013836620","https://openalex.org/W3102325441","https://openalex.org/W3113392375","https://openalex.org/W3127214477","https://openalex.org/W3164182830","https://openalex.org/W3182737888","https://openalex.org/W3184516334","https://openalex.org/W3194824588","https://openalex.org/W3196336822","https://openalex.org/W3202542180","https://openalex.org/W4236900068","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6751103833","https://openalex.org/W6757123339","https://openalex.org/W7058372845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4380994516","https://openalex.org/W2556260348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"respect":[1],"to":[2,39,118,252],"the":[3,13,65,76,79,91,95,100,104,107,112,127,134,138,140,143,145,149,154,158,162,170,178,184,194,206,210,221,237,241,253],"fuzzy":[4,20],"boundaries":[5,21],"of":[6,71,78,85,94,103,122,130,148,157,177,196,209,240],"military":[7,41,50,61,69,197],"heterogeneous":[8],"entities,":[9,42],"this":[10,189],"paper":[11,28,190],"improves":[12],"entity":[14,18],"annotation":[15],"mechanism":[16],"for":[17,193],"with":[19,53,64,99,111,161],"based":[22],"on":[23],"related":[24],"research":[25],"works.":[26],"This":[27],"applies":[29],"a":[30,48],"BERT\u2010BiLSTM\u2010CRF":[31,185,211,242],"model":[32,96,159,186,212,243],"fusing":[33],"deep":[34],"learning":[35,38],"and":[36,43,68,137,169,217,227,249,257],"machine":[37],"recognize":[40],"thus,":[44],"we":[45,57,81],"can":[46,58],"construct":[47],"smart":[49],"knowledge":[51,66],"base":[52,67],"these":[54],"entities.":[55,198],"Furthermore,":[56],"explore":[59],"many":[60],"AI":[62],"applications":[63],"Internet":[70],"Things":[72],"(MIoT).":[73],"To":[74],"verify":[75],"performance":[77,93],"model,":[80,151],"design":[82],"multiple":[83],"types":[84,129],"experiments.":[86],"Experimental":[87,120],"results":[88,121,176,203,234],"show":[89,125,182,204,235],"that":[90,126,183,205,236],"recognition":[92,195],"keeps":[97],"improving":[98],"increasing":[101,115],"size":[102],"corpus":[105,136,166],"in":[106,133,152,188],"multidata":[108],"source":[109],"scenario,":[110],"F":[113,171,207,238],"\u2010score":[114,172,208,239],"from":[116],"73.56%":[117],"84.53%.":[119],"cross\u2010corpus":[123],"cross\u2010validation":[124],"more":[128],"entities":[131],"covered":[132],"training":[135],"richer":[139],"representation":[141],"type,":[142],"stronger":[144],"generalization":[146],"ability":[147],"trained":[150,160],"which":[153],"recall":[155],"rate":[156],"novel":[163],"random":[164],"type":[165],"reaches":[167,173],"74.33%":[168],"76.98%.":[174],"The":[175,199,230],"multimodel":[179],"comparison":[180,201,232],"experiments":[181],"applied":[187],"performs":[191],"well":[192],"longitudinal":[200],"experimental":[202,233],"is":[213],"18.72%,":[214],"11.24%,":[215],"9.24%,":[216],"5.07%":[218],"higher":[219],"than":[220],"four":[222],"models":[223],"CRF,":[224],"LSTM\u2010CRF,":[225],"BiLSTM\u2010CR,":[226],"BERT\u2010CRF,":[228],"respectively.":[229,260],"cross\u2010sectional":[231],"improved":[244],"by":[245],"6.63%,":[246],"7.95%,":[247],"3.72%,":[248],"1.81%":[250],"compared":[251],"Lattice\u2010LSTM\u2010CRF,":[254],"CNN\u2010BiLSTM\u2010CRF,":[255],"BERT\u2010BiGRU\u2010CRF,":[256],"BERT\u2010IDCNN\u2010CRF":[258],"models,":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
